Virulence of Leuconostoc phages: Influence of stress conditions associated to dairy processes on their host-phage interactions

Abstract

In this work, we assessed the impact of technological cell stress conditions, commonly present in industrial dairyprocesses, on the host strain-phage interactions in Leuconostoc. Adsorption and burst size of LDG (Leuconostocpseudomesenteroides) and Ln-9 (Leuconostoc mesenteroides) phages were evaluated under the following conditions:i) MRS broth, 30 °C; ii) MRS broth at pH 5.5, 30 °C (acidic stress); iii) MRS broth added of NaCl at 4% w/v, 30 °C(osmotic stress) and iv) MRS broth, 10 °C (cold stress). Experiences were performed with the host strains growingboth in MRS broth (30 °C) and under stress conditions. On the other hand, the effect of diverse levels of NaCl,KCl, saccharose and glucose on the adsorption for LDG phage was evaluated. Acidic and cold conditions did notsignificantly affect the adsorption rates for any phage. However, adsorption rate of phage LDG was highlyreduced under osmotic stress (NaCl), except when the host strain previously grew in presence of the salt. LDGphage adsorption was not modified by addition of saccharides, but it drastically decreased in presence of salts.Acidic conditions did not affect the burst size for LDG phage, but Ln-9 phage diminished this parameter (61phage particles/infected cell). Latency time showed a lengthening of 10 min for both phages, while the bursttime remained unaltered for LDG and it was delayed 10 min for Ln-9. LDG phage did not propagate underosmotic conditions, but Ln-9 phage released phage particles with an important increase of its latent period andburst time. No phage particles were released within 90 min after the adsorption step under cold stress. This is thefirst report about this subject. Under certain conditions of technological stress (osmotic and cold) associated todairy processes, phage infections on the two systems studied in this work could be delayed/inhibited.