Pharmacologic interaction between oxfendazole and triclabendazole: In vitro biotransformation and systemic exposure in sheep

Abstract

The aim of the current work was to evaluate a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between the flukicide triclabendazole (TCBZ) and the broad-spectrum benzimidazole (BZD) anthelmintic oxfendazole (OFZ) in sheep. To this end, both an in vitro assay in microsomal fractions and an in vivo trial in lambs parasitized with Haemonchus contortus resistant to OFZ and its reduced derivative fenbendazole (FBZ) were carried out. Sheep microsomal fractions were incubated together with OFZ, FBZ, TCBZ, or a combination of either FBZ and TCBZ or OFZ and TCBZ. OFZ production was significantly diminished upon coincubation of FBZ and TCBZ, whereas neither FBZ nor OFZ affected the S-oxidation of TCBZ towards its sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites. For the in vivo trial, lambs were treated with OFZ (Vermox® oral drench at a single dose of 5 mg/kg PO), TCBZ (Fasinex® oral drench at a single dose of 12 mg/kg PO) or both compounds at a single dose of 5 (Vermox®) and 12 mg/kg (Fasinex®) PO. Blood samples were taken to quantify drug and metabolite concentrations, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by means of non-compartmental analysis. Results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters of active molecules and metabolites were not significantly altered upon coadministration. The sole exception was the increase in the mean residence time (MRT) of OFZ and FBZ sulfone upon coadministration, with no significant changes in the remaining pharmacokinetic parameters. This research is a further contribution to the study of metabolic drug-drug interactions that may affect anthelmintic efficacies in ruminants.