TOI-1080 b: a temperate, rocky planet orbiting a quiet M4V host

Abstract

We present the detection and validation of a small, temperate transiting exoplanet orbiting TOI-1080 every 3.9652482 d. The host is a quiet M4V star at 25.6 pc. The planet signal was first detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and validated using TESS and ground-based observations. By fitting the available light curves, the planet radius is measured to be 1.200 0.058 R and its equilibrium temperature of K. With Near Infra Red Planet Searcher (NIRPS) radial velocities, we are able to place a 3 upper limit on the mass of TOI-1080 b of 10.7 M ⁠. Our injection-recovery tests enable us to discard additional transiting planets in the TOI-1080 system with radii down to 0.9 R and periods between 0.5 and 7.7 d, and planets with radii larger than 1.4 R for periods up to 19 d. We demonstrate that it is highly amenable to characterization of its mass and putative atmosphere. In particular, we find that TOI-1080 b is an exceptional target for the ongoing JWST + HST Rocky Worlds DDT programme, having a priority score that is higher than four out of nine targets currently being investigated by the programme. TOI-1080 b can be added to the sample of nearby benchmark planets accessible for detailed study with JWST.