Chemical Composition and Biological Prospects of Essential Oils and Extracts of Aphyllocladus spartioides Growing in Northwest Argentina

Abstract

Aphyllocladus spartioides WEDD. is a native and aromatic herb used in traditional medicine, however it is still poorly investigated. In this work, the volatile profile of A. spartioides growing in Hornillos-Northwest Argentina was determined by GC/MS/FID and the phenolic compounds of hydroethanolic and decoction extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The antibacterial potential, antioxidant activity and α‐glucosidase inhibition activity were checked by in vitro assays. The volatile profile allowed the identification of 68 compounds, being α‐pinene and cadinene the main ones. Eighteen phenolics were identified, isorhamnetin derivatives and different phenolic acid derivatives were found in higher amounts, mainly in the hydroethanolic extract. A concentration-dependent activity was noticed against DPPH , O2, NO and α‐glucosidase, these activities being reported for the first time. Hydroethanolic extract was most active against DPPH , NO and α‐glucosidase (IC50 = 79, 206 and 181 lg/ml). Decoction extract proved to be better against O2 (IC50 = 20 lg/ml). Regarding the antibacterial activity, hydroethanolic extract was more active compared with decoction and essential oil. MICs of 0.3 – 0.6 mg/ml were obtained against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Micrococcus luteus. Results suggest that the extracts of A. spartioides from Northwest Argentina may be interesting to use as a source of natural antioxidants/antimicrobials for pharmaceutical incorporations or food supplementation.