Changes in the volatile profile of Pinot noir wines caused by Patagonian Lactobacillus plantarum and Oenococcus oeni strains

Abstract

The ability of Patagonian L. plantarum and O. oeni strains to change the volatile profile of a sterile Pinot noir wine was studied through fermentation assays,at laboratory scale. Two strains of each LAB species were selected based on data regarding to their ability to survive in wine and to consume L-malic acid. Both O. oeni strains but only one L. plantarum (UNQLp11) strain were able to remain viable, consuming L-malic acid through the fermentation assay and with a concomitant increase of L-lactic acid. The volatile profile of Pinot noir wine, before and after LAB inoculation, was measured by using HS-SPME gas chromatography technique. This analysis showed that alcohols were the main volatile compounds after alcoholic fermentation and that after fermentation with the selected LAB strains, a decrease in the volatile alcohols concentration and an increase in the volatile esters concentration could be observed. The O. oeni UNQOe73.2 strain produced the most notable change in the volatile profile, with the production of some important odorant esters at higher concentration, compared to O. oeni UNQOe 31b strain. Although, L. plantarum UNQLp 11 strain showed a better performance in the consumption of L-malic acid, this strain had a low capacity to modify the volatile compounds profile after incubation in red wine. The results found in the present work showed that different strains selected as potential malolactic starters could have different behavior when are incubated in real wine. Although L. plantarum UNQLp 11 strain showed a good consumption of L-malic acid, the O. oeni UNQOe 73.2 strain exhibited superior capacity to improve the flavor of wine due to its esterase activity that produce an increase of fruity and creamy odorants.