Asociación entre biomarcadores en tomografía de coherencia óptica y agudeza visual en pacientes con edema macular diabético tratados con antiangiogénicos
; Dapena, Gimena ; Chamartin, Pablo ; Rocco, Franco Daniel ; Alezzandrini, Arturo Alberto Otros responsables
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2021-11-05
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Sociedad Argentina de Oftalmología
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Archivos Argentinos de Oftalmología
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2362-4736
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Objetivos Evaluar la asociación entre los principales biomarcadores del Edema Macular Diabético (EMD) y la Agudeza Visual (AV), y determinar su importancia como herramienta pronóstica a la hora de iniciar un tratamiento antiangiogénico en cada paciente. Métodos Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, observacional y longitudinal. Se analizaron 25 escaneos de OCT de 23 pacientes con edema macular diabético (EMD) y se registró la Agudeza Visual Mejor Corregida (AVMC) al inicio, y a los 3, 6 y 9 meses de tratamiento. Las imágenes basales se evaluaron para el tipo predominante de edema macular (Cistoide, espongiforme, con desprendimiento seroso subfoveal o con compromiso traccional); presencia de daño en la retina externa (considerado como cualquier discontinuidad en la Membrana Limitante Externa, Zona Elipsoide y/o Zona de Interdigitación); presencia de desorganización de las Capas Internas de la Retina (DRIL) y cantidad de Puntos Hiperreflectivos (PH) así como del Espesor Macular Central (EMC). Las correlaciones entre cada biomarcador y la ganancia de Agudeza Visual se analizaron utilizando modelos longitudinales de efectos mixtos. Resultados Se incluyeron veinticinco ojos con EMD NAIVE de tratamiento. La AVMC basal se encontraba entre 0,3 y 1,3 en un logaritmo del gráfico visual de ángulo mínimo de resolución (LogMAR). El tipo de edema macular, la presencia de DRIL y el EMC presentaron un efecto estadísticamente significativo sobre la modificación de la AV a lo largo del tiempo (p< 0,001 en todos los casos). Los pacientes con DRIL mostraron menor ganancia de AV en términos LogMAR a los 9 meses que los pacientes sin DRIL, siendo la diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,026), y mostraron menor mejoría en la AV a lo largo de los nueve meses de tratamiento (efecto de interacción p=0,007). Los subtipos de edema con desprendimiento seroso subfoveal, y con componente traccional por otro lado, ganaron menos visión que los pacientes que sólo presentaban edema macular de tipo cistoide. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la presencia de PH y la alteración de las capas retinianas externas con la AV a lo largo del tiempo de tratamiento. Conclusión Es de gran utilidad evaluar el EMC inicial, aunque no de manera aislada, así como es primordial evaluar y considerar la presencia de DRIL como biomarcador pronóstico, que en el presente estudio resultó ser el aquel con mayor potencial como predictor de respuesta clínica en términos de AV.
Purpose To evaluate the association between the main biomarkers of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) and the Visual Acuity (VA), and determine its importance as a prognostic tool at time to start an antiangiogenic treatment in each patient. Methods Retrospective, observational and longitudinal cohort study. 25 OCT scans of 23 patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) were analyzed, and the Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at baseline and at 3, 6 and 9 months of treatment was registered. Baseline images were evaluated for predominant type of macular edema (cystoid, spongiform, with subfoveal serous detachment, or tractional compromise); presence of outer retinal damage (ORD, considered as any discontinuity in Limiting Extern Membrane, Ellipsoid Zone, and/or Interdigitation Zone); presence of disorganization of the Inner Retinal Layers (DRIL), and Hyperreflective Focis (HF) quantity, as well as Central Macular Thickness (CMT). Correlations between each OCT biomarker and visual acuity gain were analyzed using longitudinal mixed-effects models. Results Twentyfive eyes with NAIVE DME were included. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was between 0.3 and 1.3 on a logarithm of minimum angle of resolution visual chart (logMAR). Type of macular edema, DRIL presence, and CMT presented a statistically significant effect on the VA modification along the time (p<0,001 in all cases). Patients with DRIL showed worse VA in logMAR terms at 9 months than patients without DRIL, being the difference statistically different (p=0,026), and showed less improvement in VA along the nine months treatment (interaction effect p=0,007). Eyes with subfoveal serous detachment and eyes with tractional component gained less vision than patients with only cystoid macular edema. There were no statistically significant differences between presence of hyperreflective focis, extern retinal layers alteration and VA along the treatment time. Conclusion This study showed that it is useful to assess the initial CMT but not in isolation, and above all the presence of DRIL, which proved to be the tomographic biomarker with the greatest potential as a predictor of clinical response in terms of VA.
Purpose To evaluate the association between the main biomarkers of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) and the Visual Acuity (VA), and determine its importance as a prognostic tool at time to start an antiangiogenic treatment in each patient. Methods Retrospective, observational and longitudinal cohort study. 25 OCT scans of 23 patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) were analyzed, and the Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at baseline and at 3, 6 and 9 months of treatment was registered. Baseline images were evaluated for predominant type of macular edema (cystoid, spongiform, with subfoveal serous detachment, or tractional compromise); presence of outer retinal damage (ORD, considered as any discontinuity in Limiting Extern Membrane, Ellipsoid Zone, and/or Interdigitation Zone); presence of disorganization of the Inner Retinal Layers (DRIL), and Hyperreflective Focis (HF) quantity, as well as Central Macular Thickness (CMT). Correlations between each OCT biomarker and visual acuity gain were analyzed using longitudinal mixed-effects models. Results Twentyfive eyes with NAIVE DME were included. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was between 0.3 and 1.3 on a logarithm of minimum angle of resolution visual chart (logMAR). Type of macular edema, DRIL presence, and CMT presented a statistically significant effect on the VA modification along the time (p<0,001 in all cases). Patients with DRIL showed worse VA in logMAR terms at 9 months than patients without DRIL, being the difference statistically different (p=0,026), and showed less improvement in VA along the nine months treatment (interaction effect p=0,007). Eyes with subfoveal serous detachment and eyes with tractional component gained less vision than patients with only cystoid macular edema. There were no statistically significant differences between presence of hyperreflective focis, extern retinal layers alteration and VA along the treatment time. Conclusion This study showed that it is useful to assess the initial CMT but not in isolation, and above all the presence of DRIL, which proved to be the tomographic biomarker with the greatest potential as a predictor of clinical response in terms of VA.
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