Lacasas fúngicas inmovilizadas como estrategia biotecnológica para la descontaminación de fumonisina B1 en sub-productos de maíz
; Monesterolo, Noelia Edith
; Mateucci, Francesca ; Rhein, Paloma ; Chulze, Sofia Noemi
; Alaniz Zanon, Maria Silvina
; Chiotta, María Laura 
Otros responsables
Fecha
2025
Editorial
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Micología y Botánica
Revista
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
IV Reunión Argentina de Micología y IX Congreso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Micotoxicología
Fecha del evento
2025-10-21
Institución organizadora
Sociedad Latinoamericana de Micotoxicología
Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología
Asociación Micológica Carlos Spegazzini
Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales
Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico
Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología
Asociación Micológica Carlos Spegazzini
Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales
Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico
ISSN
eISSN
ISBN
978-987-47078-7-1
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Reunión
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
La presencia de fumonisinas (FBs), micotoxinas producidas por Fusarium verticillioidesy F. proliferatum en maíz y sub-productos representa un problema fitosanitario relevante.Estas micotoxinas resisten las condiciones del proceso de producción de bioetanol,y pueden concentrarse hasta tres veces en los co-productos. Una estrategia para mitigarla contaminación con FBs es el uso de lacasas fúngicas, enzimas con capacidadbiocatalítica y amplia aplicación biotecnológica. La implementación de lacasas libres seve limitada por su baja estabilidad, sensibilidad a condiciones extremas, y dificultad derecuperación y reutilización. Por el contrario, la inmovilización enzimática prolonga lavida útil de la enzima, protege su estructura y actividad, y permite su reutilización a granescala. En el presente trabajo se inmovilizaron lacasas producidas por Trametes gallicaB4-IMICO-RC y B7-IMICO-RC (previamente confirmadas para la descontaminación demicotoxinas) sobre perlas de quitosano activadas con glutaraldehído. Se estudió la estabilidadenzimática en vinaza, co-producto del bioetanol, de cada enzima por separado ycombinadas, tanto en forma libre como inmovilizada, después de 1 y 2 h de incubación.Además, se evaluó el potencial de las enzimas inmovilizadas combinadas (110 U/mg deperla) para descontaminar FB1 (10 μg/ml) en vinaza, después 2 h de incubación. En el ensayo de estabilidad enzimática, los tratamientos con enzima inmovilizada presentaronactividades superiores a las de la enzima libre y, aunque se evidenció una mayorpérdida en el tiempo (52% en comparación con la enzima libre 24%), la actividad finalfue superior. La mezcla enzimática en la inmovilización resultó compatible, alcanzandocon el tiempo actividades enzimáticas superiores a las obtenidas cuando fueron inmovilizadaspor separado. Finalmente, en los ensayos de degradación se logró una reduccióndel 28% de FB1 en vinaza mediante la aplicación de la mezcla enzimática inmovilizada.En base a estos resultados, se concluye que la inmovilización de lacasas sobre perlas dequitosano activadas con glutaraldehído tienen un alto potencial para ser aplicadas endiversos procesos biotecnológicos e industriales, con la finalidad de descontaminar FB1.
The presence of fumonisins (FBs), mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum in maize and its sub-products, represents a significant phytosanitary concern. These mycotoxins resist the conditions of the bioethanol production process and can concentrate up to threefold in the co-products. One strategy to mitigate FBs contamination is the use of fungal laccases, biocatalytic enzymes with extensive biotechnological applications. The use of free laccases is limited by their low stability, sensitivity to extreme conditions, and difficulty in recovery and reuse. In contrast, enzyme immobilization prolongs the enzyme’s lifetime, protects its structure and activity, and enables large-scale reutilization. In the present study, laccases produced by Trametes gallica B4-IMICO-RC and B7-IMICO-RC (previously confirmed for mycotoxin decontamination) were immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan beads. The enzymatic stability in stillage, a bioethanol co-product, was assessed for each enzyme individually and in combination, in both free and immobilized states, after incubation of 1 and 2 h. Additionally, the potential of the combined immobilized enzymes (110 U/mg of bead) to decontaminate FB1 (10 µg/ml) in stillage was evaluated after incubation of 2 h. In the enzymatic stability assay, treatments with immobilized enzymes exhibited higher activities than their free equivalent, and although a greater activity loss over time was observed (52% compared to 24% for the free enzyme), the final activity remained at higher levels. The enzymatic mixture was compatible under immobilization, achieving higher enzymatic activities over time than separately immobilized enzymes. Finally, in the degradation assays, a reduction of 28% in FB1 levels in stillage was achieved through application of the immobilized enzyme mixture. Based on these results, we conclude that immobilization of laccases on glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan beads exhibits high potential for application in several biotechnological and industrial processes aimed at FB1 decontamination.
The presence of fumonisins (FBs), mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum in maize and its sub-products, represents a significant phytosanitary concern. These mycotoxins resist the conditions of the bioethanol production process and can concentrate up to threefold in the co-products. One strategy to mitigate FBs contamination is the use of fungal laccases, biocatalytic enzymes with extensive biotechnological applications. The use of free laccases is limited by their low stability, sensitivity to extreme conditions, and difficulty in recovery and reuse. In contrast, enzyme immobilization prolongs the enzyme’s lifetime, protects its structure and activity, and enables large-scale reutilization. In the present study, laccases produced by Trametes gallica B4-IMICO-RC and B7-IMICO-RC (previously confirmed for mycotoxin decontamination) were immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan beads. The enzymatic stability in stillage, a bioethanol co-product, was assessed for each enzyme individually and in combination, in both free and immobilized states, after incubation of 1 and 2 h. Additionally, the potential of the combined immobilized enzymes (110 U/mg of bead) to decontaminate FB1 (10 µg/ml) in stillage was evaluated after incubation of 2 h. In the enzymatic stability assay, treatments with immobilized enzymes exhibited higher activities than their free equivalent, and although a greater activity loss over time was observed (52% compared to 24% for the free enzyme), the final activity remained at higher levels. The enzymatic mixture was compatible under immobilization, achieving higher enzymatic activities over time than separately immobilized enzymes. Finally, in the degradation assays, a reduction of 28% in FB1 levels in stillage was achieved through application of the immobilized enzyme mixture. Based on these results, we conclude that immobilization of laccases on glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan beads exhibits high potential for application in several biotechnological and industrial processes aimed at FB1 decontamination.
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