Biology, Ecology, Distribution and Management of Large Crabgrass ( Digitaria sanguinalis )

Abstract

Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (large crabgrass) is a globally distributed annual C4 grass and one of the most challenging weeds in agriculture, causing significant yield losses in crops such as maize, soyabean, rice, cotton and vegetables. This species thrives under favourable and unfavourable conditions such as disturbed soils, fluctuating temperatures and shallow burial, making it resilient within various cropping systems. Integrated weed management strategies combining biological, chemical, cultural and mechanical methods have shown variable success in managing Digitaria sanguinalis. However, this species shows herbicide resistance through both target-site mutations and metabolic mechanisms, complicating its control. Despite its allelopathic effects, it offers value as livestock forage and holds potential for bioenergy through pyrolysis and combustion. This review examines the biology, ecology, distribution and current management techniques of D. sanguinalis, offering insights to help growers and researchers develop successful crop management strategies.