Estructuras de segregación vesiculadas alojadas en coladas basálticas pahoehoe de Payenia, provincias de Mendoza y La Pampa, Argentina: aspectos morfogenéticos y petrográficos
; Bertotto, Gustavo Walter
; Ponce, Alexis Daniel 
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03/2016
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Asociación Geológica Argentina
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Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
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1669-7316
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Las estructuras de segregación vesiculadas comprenden cuerpos de variada geometría y dimensiones milimétricas a métricas con una vesiculación de entre el 20 y el 40 % alojados en los sectores internos de un flujo lávico. Estas resultan de la segregación y expulsión de un diferenciado residual rico en volátiles generado durante la cristalización de la colada. El residuo migra atravesando una red permeable de cristales gracias al mecanismo de filtrado por presión de gas. Según sus características microtexturales, las estructuras extraídas de coladas basálticas pahoehoe de Payenia fueron agrupadas en tres subtipos: afíricas de grano grueso, afíricas de grano fino y porfíricas a intergranulares. Los términos de grano grueso se asocian a la presencia de iddingsita de alta temperatura en el olivino del basalto hospedante y la textura diktitaxítica es un rasgo petrográfico común de todas las coladas muestreadas. Ambos aspectos constituyen la evidencia de una importante participación de fluidos, posiblemente de origen magmático, durante la formación de estas estructuras. Se describieron cuatro tipos de estructuras: mantos de vesículas, láminas de vesículas, cilindros de vesículas y vesículas de segregación, las cuales fueron agrupadas según su morfogénesis, en categorías propuestas en trabajos previos basadas en el espesor del flujo lávico hospedante. El origen de las estructuras mantiformes estaría asociado a la dispersión de cilindros de vesículas debajo de un frente de solidificación. La tasa de enfriamiento de la colada está regulada por el espesor del flujo, lo que a su vez condiciona la permanencia o dispersión total de las estructuras cilíndricas.
Vesiculated segregation structures comprise varied geometry bodies with milimetric to metric dimensions and vesiculation values varying between 20 and 40 %, hosted within internal sector of a lava flow. These structures resulted from segregation and migration of a residual differentiated liquid generated during the crystallization of the flow. The residuum migrates towards a permeable network of crystals thanks to a gas filter-pressing mechanism. According to their micro-texture, vesiculated structures sampled from pahoehoe basaltic lava flows of Payenia Volcanic Province were classified into three subtypes: 1) aphyric coarse-grained textured; 2) aphyric fine-grained textured and 3) porphyritic to intergranular textured. The coarse-grained textures are associated with the presence of high temperature iddingsite altering olivine crystals in the host rock and the diktytaxitic texture is a common petrographic feature observed in all sampled lava flows bearing vesicular structures. These features would be indicating an important participation of fluids during the formation of the structures. Four types of structures were described: thick vesicle sheets, thin vesicle sheets, vesicle cylinders and segregation vesicles, which were grouped regarding to their morphogenesis into three categories proposed in previous works, which are based on the thickness of host lava flow. The origin of the vesicle sheets would be linked with the spreading of vesicle cylinders under a solidification front. Cooling rates are controlled by the thickness of the lava flow which in turn control the permanence or total dispersion of the cylinders.
Vesiculated segregation structures comprise varied geometry bodies with milimetric to metric dimensions and vesiculation values varying between 20 and 40 %, hosted within internal sector of a lava flow. These structures resulted from segregation and migration of a residual differentiated liquid generated during the crystallization of the flow. The residuum migrates towards a permeable network of crystals thanks to a gas filter-pressing mechanism. According to their micro-texture, vesiculated structures sampled from pahoehoe basaltic lava flows of Payenia Volcanic Province were classified into three subtypes: 1) aphyric coarse-grained textured; 2) aphyric fine-grained textured and 3) porphyritic to intergranular textured. The coarse-grained textures are associated with the presence of high temperature iddingsite altering olivine crystals in the host rock and the diktytaxitic texture is a common petrographic feature observed in all sampled lava flows bearing vesicular structures. These features would be indicating an important participation of fluids during the formation of the structures. Four types of structures were described: thick vesicle sheets, thin vesicle sheets, vesicle cylinders and segregation vesicles, which were grouped regarding to their morphogenesis into three categories proposed in previous works, which are based on the thickness of host lava flow. The origin of the vesicle sheets would be linked with the spreading of vesicle cylinders under a solidification front. Cooling rates are controlled by the thickness of the lava flow which in turn control the permanence or total dispersion of the cylinders.
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