Estudio piloto sobre el dibujo infantil en dos contextos socioculturales (Argentina-Alemania)

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Fecha
11/2018
Editorial
Fundación Acta Fondo para la Salud Mental
Revista
Acta Psiquiátrica y Psicológica de América Latina
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0001-6896
eISSN
2362 - 3829
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Español
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Resumen
El presente artículo tuvo como propósito analizar la evolución del dibujo infantil de acuerdo a las primeras etapas propuestas por Lowenfeld (1980): garabateo, preesquemática y esquemática, en niños residentes en Argentina y en Alemania. Se propusieron tres objetivos específicos: 1) indagar si, en la actualidad, las mencionadas etapas se suceden en las mismas edades que propuso dicho autor; 2) analizar las características del dibujo infantil en niños de 3 a 6 años residentes en Argentina y en Alemania y 3) comparar las producciones gráficas realizadas por niños residentes en ambos países, con el fin de indagar diferencias entre ambos contextos socioculturales. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 136 niños de 3 a 6 años de edad, de los cuales 72 niños fueron argentinos y 64 alemanes. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo-comparativo, con un diseño transversal. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la técnica del dibujo libre, y una planilla de evaluación realizada ad hoc. Se observó que la secuencia en la que se presentaron las etapas del dibujo fue idéntica a las expuestas por Lowenfeld, sin embargo, fue notorio el avance en las edades en relación a dichas etapas. Al analizar las etapas del dibujo infantil, no se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos de niños/as (Argentina-Alemania). Asimismo, las características del dibujo fueron similares en ambos grupos.
The aim of this article was to analyze the evolution of children's drawings according to the first stages proposed by Lowenfeld: the scribbling stage, the pre-schematic stage and the schematic stage, in children living in Argentina and Germany. Three specific objectives were established: 1) to investigate whether, at present, the aforementioned stages occur at the same ages proposed by said author; 2) to analyze the characteristics of children's drawings in children aged 3 to 6 years old living in Argentina and Germany and 3) to compare the graphic productions made by children living in both countries, in order to investigate the differences between both sociocultural contexts. The sample included a total of 136 children between the ages of 3 to 6, 72 children of which were Argentinian and 64 were German. A quantitative, descriptive-comparative approach with a cross-sectional design was used. The instruments used were the free drawing technique and an assessment form made ad hoc. It was observed that the sequence in which the stages of drawing were presented was identical to that presented by Lowenfeld. However, the advance in the ages in relation to said stages was evident. When analyzing the stages of children's drawing, no statistically significant differences were found between both groups of children (Argentina-Germany). Also, drawing characteristics were similar in both groups.
The aim of this article was to analyze the evolution of children's drawings according to the first stages proposed by Lowenfeld: the scribbling stage, the pre-schematic stage and the schematic stage, in children living in Argentina and Germany. Three specific objectives were established: 1) to investigate whether, at present, the aforementioned stages occur at the same ages proposed by said author; 2) to analyze the characteristics of children's drawings in children aged 3 to 6 years old living in Argentina and Germany and 3) to compare the graphic productions made by children living in both countries, in order to investigate the differences between both sociocultural contexts. The sample included a total of 136 children between the ages of 3 to 6, 72 children of which were Argentinian and 64 were German. A quantitative, descriptive-comparative approach with a cross-sectional design was used. The instruments used were the free drawing technique and an assessment form made ad hoc. It was observed that the sequence in which the stages of drawing were presented was identical to that presented by Lowenfeld. However, the advance in the ages in relation to said stages was evident. When analyzing the stages of children's drawing, no statistically significant differences were found between both groups of children (Argentina-Germany). Also, drawing characteristics were similar in both groups.
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