Ecotoxicologic effects of silver nanoparticles on freshwater nontarget species

Abstract

The widespread and increase use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral result in an unknown release and accumulation into the aquatic environment and consequently in the trophic chain. In this chapter, different methods for AgNPs synthesis, use and applications, environmental concentration, potential mechanisms of toxicity, and the involved physicochemical factors are discussed. Also, the document displays an overview of toxicity effects on key components of aquatic ecosystems: microalgae, plants, freshwater invertebrates, and fishes.Final remarks aim to contribute to a better understanding of how this emerging pollutant may pose a risk in the immediate-to long term to aquatic environments.