La dimensión formal del aspecto de la perspectiva tipológica: estrategias gramaticales y léxicas

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Fecha
04/2014
Editorial
Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística
Revista
Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística
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ISSN
2250-7353
eISSN
2618-3455
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Español
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Resumen
El aspecto es frecuentemente expresado por afijos y adverbios, una tendencia debidamente registrada en la literatura (Van Valin & LaPolla 1997; Cinque 1999). La evidencia translingüística muestra, sin embargo, que hay formas que escapan a esta caracterización, como son las construcciones multiverbales tales como las construcciones de verbos seriales y las construcciones converbales (Haspelmath 1995; Bisang 1995; Aikhenvald 2006). Para capturar el espectro de fenómenos de expresión formal del aspecto se propone la Hipótesis de las Estrategias Prototípicas para la Expresión Formal del Aspecto, que sostiene que a) el aspecto se expresa prototípicamente mediante una estrategia gramatical (afijos) y/o léxica (adverbios), entendidos como extremos de un continuum; y b) las construcciones multiverbales que expresan aspecto se aproximan a alguna de estas estrategias mediante i) la gramaticalización de uno de sus elementos, o ii) la recategorización de uno de sus elementos como adverbio. El artículo presenta evidencia tipológicamente diversa para intentar validar las generalizaciones de la hipótesis. Para ello se emplean datos de lenguas sudamericanas: mapudungun (aislada), toba (guaycurú), mocoví (guaycurú), guaraní paraguayo (tupí-guaraní) y vilela (filiación en discusión); se discuten ejemplos del español también. Se concluye que los elementos verbales se ubican en el gradiente comprendido entre adverbios y afijos.
Aspect is often expressed by means of affixes and adverbs, a fact duly noted in the literature (Van Valin & LaPolla 1997; Cinque 1999). Cross-linguistic evidence shows, however, forms failing to fit these patterns, as is the case of multiverbal constructions such as converb constructions and serial verb constructions (Haspelmath 1995; Bisang 1995; Aikhenvald 2006). In order to grasp the full extent of the phenomena involved in the formal expression of aspect the Prototypical Strategies for the Formal Expression of Aspect Hypothesis is proposed, which states that a) aspect is expressed prototypically by means of a grammatical (affixes) and/or lexical (adverbs) strategy, viewed as ends of a continuum; and b) the multiverbal constructions expressing aspect approach one of these two strategies via i) the grammaticalization of one of its elements, or ii) the recategorization of one of its elements as an adverb. The article surveys typologically diverse evidence to validate the generalizations in the hypothesis. The data are taken from South American languages: Mapudungun (isolated), Toba (Guaykuruan), Mocovi (Guaykuruan), Paraguayan Guarani (Tupi-guarani), and Vilela (affiliation under debate); examples from Spanish are also discussed. It is concluded that the verbal elements are to be found in between the affix-adverb cline.
Aspect is often expressed by means of affixes and adverbs, a fact duly noted in the literature (Van Valin & LaPolla 1997; Cinque 1999). Cross-linguistic evidence shows, however, forms failing to fit these patterns, as is the case of multiverbal constructions such as converb constructions and serial verb constructions (Haspelmath 1995; Bisang 1995; Aikhenvald 2006). In order to grasp the full extent of the phenomena involved in the formal expression of aspect the Prototypical Strategies for the Formal Expression of Aspect Hypothesis is proposed, which states that a) aspect is expressed prototypically by means of a grammatical (affixes) and/or lexical (adverbs) strategy, viewed as ends of a continuum; and b) the multiverbal constructions expressing aspect approach one of these two strategies via i) the grammaticalization of one of its elements, or ii) the recategorization of one of its elements as an adverb. The article surveys typologically diverse evidence to validate the generalizations in the hypothesis. The data are taken from South American languages: Mapudungun (isolated), Toba (Guaykuruan), Mocovi (Guaykuruan), Paraguayan Guarani (Tupi-guarani), and Vilela (affiliation under debate); examples from Spanish are also discussed. It is concluded that the verbal elements are to be found in between the affix-adverb cline.
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