Experimentación del proceso de recolección de moluscos marinos en la costa patagónica: análisis de la especie Nacella magellanica y sus implicancias en la interpretación de muestras arqueomalacológicas
; Zilio, Leandro 
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Fecha
12/2016
Editorial
Centro de Estudios Históricos "Profesor Carlos S. A. Segreti"
Revista
Comechingonia
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ISSN
0326-7911
eISSN
1851-0027
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Español
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Resumen
En diferentes concheros ubicados en la Costa Norte de Santa Cruz (CNSC) se identificaron exoesqueletos calcáreos del molusco Nacella magellanica (Patellidae, Gasteropoda). Esta especie fue utilizada como alimento por las poblaciones cazadoras recolectoras pasadas. Un porcentaje variable de estos restos arqueomalacológicos presentan evidencias de roturas y/o signos de impacto. Se plantea como hipótesis que esos rasgos o modificaciones son el producto de las actividades de recolección de los moluscos del género Nacella, a partir del empleo de instrumental específico por los grupos humanos. Para ello se desarrolló un programa experimental y se analizaron las características, morfología y localización de las modificaciones en los exoesqueletos de la especie considerada. Posteriormente se realizó un estudio comparativo entre las muestras experimentales y aquellas recuperadas de excavaciones sistemáticas en concheros. Se interpreta que las roturas y evidencias de impacto en los conjuntos arqueomalacológicos serían consecuencia de la aplicación de golpes producidos con instrumentos durante el proceso de recolección del gasterópodo Nacella magellanica, para generar su desprendimiento del sustrato duro al que vive adherido. Se resalta el valor de los estudios experimentales para la comprensión de diferentes clases de materiales arqueológicos y de los agentes de formación del registro.
In different shell middens located in the Northern Coast of Santa Cruz (CNSC) calcareous mollusc exoskeletons of Nacella magellanica (Patellidae, Gasteropoda) were identified. This species was used as food by past hunter-gatherer populations. A variable percentage between archaeomalacological samples of Nacella magellanica presents evidence of breakage and/or signs of impact. It is hypothesized that these features or modifications are the result of harvest activities of molluscs of genus Nacella and the use of specific instruments by human groups. For that an experimental program was developed, and characteristics, morphology and location of modifications in calcareous exoskeletons of the species considered were analyzed. Afterwards a comparative study between samples obtained experimentally and those recovered from systematic excavations in shell middens was performed. We interpret that the breakages and evidence of impact on archaeomalacological assemblages would be the consequence of the application of blows with the use of instruments during the collection process of Nacella magellanica gastropod, to generate its detachment from the hard substrate to which lives adhered. The value of experimental studies for understanding different kinds of archaeological materials and the formation agents of the record is highlighted.
In different shell middens located in the Northern Coast of Santa Cruz (CNSC) calcareous mollusc exoskeletons of Nacella magellanica (Patellidae, Gasteropoda) were identified. This species was used as food by past hunter-gatherer populations. A variable percentage between archaeomalacological samples of Nacella magellanica presents evidence of breakage and/or signs of impact. It is hypothesized that these features or modifications are the result of harvest activities of molluscs of genus Nacella and the use of specific instruments by human groups. For that an experimental program was developed, and characteristics, morphology and location of modifications in calcareous exoskeletons of the species considered were analyzed. Afterwards a comparative study between samples obtained experimentally and those recovered from systematic excavations in shell middens was performed. We interpret that the breakages and evidence of impact on archaeomalacological assemblages would be the consequence of the application of blows with the use of instruments during the collection process of Nacella magellanica gastropod, to generate its detachment from the hard substrate to which lives adhered. The value of experimental studies for understanding different kinds of archaeological materials and the formation agents of the record is highlighted.
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