La movilización estudiantil del profesorado por la renovación de sus planes de estudio durante la última transición hacia la democracia en Argentina (1984-1988)

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12/2025
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Universität zu Köln
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Jahrbuch für Geschichte Lateinamerikas
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2194-3680
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Este artículo analiza la incidencia de la movilización estudiantil en los procesos de renovación de la formación docente durante la última transición a la democracia en Argentina. A partir de un corpus empírico múltiple, el estudio evidencia los cuestionamientos del estudiantado de los profesorados sobre diversos aspectos de su experiencia formativa y examina cómo dichas demandas se articularon con la conflictividad político-educativa del período. En primer lugar, se abordan los años iniciales de la posdictadura, recuperando las reivindicaciones orientadas a impugnar las perspectivas, tendencias y modalidades formativas heredadas del régimen de facto, entre ellas la exigencia de derogación de los planes de estudio implementados en 1982 bajo la gestión del ministro Cayetano A. Licciardo durante la última dictadura cívico-militar. En segundo lugar, se analizan las respuestas del movimiento estudiantil, ya avanzado el gobierno alfonsinista, frente a dos innovaciones pedagógicas impulsadas por la recientemente creada Dirección Nacional de Educación Superior (DINES): las modalidades de participación articuladas al nuevo plan de estudios (MEB) y el régimen de evaluación sin examen final obligatorio, que suscitaron tanto resistencias como alternativas propositivas. El artículo concluye mostrando que la movilización estudiantil contribuyó a imprimir rasgos singulares a la implementación de las políticas educativas dirigidas al sector. En un contexto regional aún marcado por los efectos de la Operación Cóndor y por el advenimiento de tendencias a la mercantilización de la Educación Superior, estas acciones estudiantiles resultaron decisivas para configurar los contornos de una renovación pedagógica en los Institutos Superiores de formación docente.
This article examines the impact of student mobilization on the renewal of the formative experience of teacher-education students during Argentina’s most recent transition to democracy. Drawing on a multiple empirical base, it reveals the challenges posed by this segment of the student body to several features of their academic training and analyzes how these demands intersected with the political conflict and educational policies of the period. First, the article focuses on the years of the so-called post-dictatorship, reconstructing the claims aimed at questioning the perspectives, tendencies, and training modalities inherited from the previous period—particularly the demand to revoke the curricula imposed in 1982 by Minister of Education Cayetano A. Licciardo during the last de facto civil-military dictatorship. Second, it examines the student responses, during the more advanced stage of the Alfonsín administration, to two pedagogical innovations proposed by the newly created National Directorate of Higher Education (DINES): the modalities of student participation linked to the MEB curriculum and the implementation of non-mandatory final examinations—both of which elicited opposition as well as alternative proposals.The article concludes by reflecting on how student mobilization shaped the tempo and specific contours of the educational policies targeting the sector in a region still marked by Operation Condor, where a trend toward the marketization of Higher Education was beginning to crystallize.
This article examines the impact of student mobilization on the renewal of the formative experience of teacher-education students during Argentina’s most recent transition to democracy. Drawing on a multiple empirical base, it reveals the challenges posed by this segment of the student body to several features of their academic training and analyzes how these demands intersected with the political conflict and educational policies of the period. First, the article focuses on the years of the so-called post-dictatorship, reconstructing the claims aimed at questioning the perspectives, tendencies, and training modalities inherited from the previous period—particularly the demand to revoke the curricula imposed in 1982 by Minister of Education Cayetano A. Licciardo during the last de facto civil-military dictatorship. Second, it examines the student responses, during the more advanced stage of the Alfonsín administration, to two pedagogical innovations proposed by the newly created National Directorate of Higher Education (DINES): the modalities of student participation linked to the MEB curriculum and the implementation of non-mandatory final examinations—both of which elicited opposition as well as alternative proposals.The article concludes by reflecting on how student mobilization shaped the tempo and specific contours of the educational policies targeting the sector in a region still marked by Operation Condor, where a trend toward the marketization of Higher Education was beginning to crystallize.
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