Feria andina tradicional en Santa Catalina, Jujuy- Argentina: Caravanas e intercambios

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Fecha
06/2021
Editorial
Sociedad Etnobiologica Mexicana
Revista
Etnobiologia
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1665-2703
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Español
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Resumen
Cada 25 de noviembre se celebra en el pueblo de Santa Catalina, Jujuy (Argentina) a su santa patrona (Santa Catalina de Alejandría). Antecede a la misma una feria binacional de 3-4 días de duración con feriantes locales y otros que arriban desde diferentes localidades de Bolivia y Argentina, con caravanas de burros (Equus africanus asinus), llamas (Lama glama) y vehículos. Desde un marco etnobiológico, se estudiaron la dinámica temporal, las prácticas tradicionales y la utilización e intercambio de los distintos productos en la feria. Durante los tres días de duración de la feria, se registraron procesos contextuales y se indagó junto a los diversos actores (caravaneros, vendedores, feriantes y otros) con base en metodologías de observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y diálogos específicos. Durante los años 2015 y 2016, se registraron los arribos de caravanas de llamas, burros y de vehículos. Los resultados muestran un creciente uso de vehículos en detrimento de las caravanas de animales para transportar los productos que se manifestó en una reducción de la cantidad de caravanas, y un aumento del número de camionetas que ingresaban con mercadería y productores bolivianos. Las prácticas tradicionales andinas y el caravaneo entre estas, están sufriendo una notable “erosión”, un fenómeno global que muestra su aspecto local en el modo de vida pastoril en zonas andinas. Podemos interpretar que en la feria se estarían observando las últimas caravanas como un sistema resiliente.
Saint Catherine of Alexandria is celebrated every November 25th in the city of Santa Catalina, Jujuy, Argentina. Before this event, a 3-4 day bi-national fair takes place where local and foreign vendors and artisans come from different districts in Bolivia and Argentina, traveling in caravans of donkeys (Equus africanus asinus), llamas (Lama glama) and motor vehicles (called “caravanas” in Spanish). In this study, an ethnobiological framework was used to evaluate traditional practices at the fair, changes in these practices over time, and the use and exchange of products at the fair. During the three days the fair was held, proceedings were documented and interviews were conducted with participants of different roles (“caravana” participants, salespeople, fair workers and others), based on participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and specific dialogue methodologies. During 2015 and 2016, arrivals of caravanas of llamas, donkeys and vehicles were registered. Findings show an increased use of vehicles related to a drop in the use of animals to carry products, which was evidenced by a reduced number of caravanas and an increased number of pick-up trucks carrying goods and Bolivian producers. Traditional Andean practices including, but not limited to, traveling in caravanas are undergoing remarkable cultural “erosion”, a global phenomenon manifesting itself in the local herding lifestyle in Andean areas. Despite this cultural “erosion,” the Santa Catalina fair provides an opportunity to continue observing a system of caravanas that may prove to be resilient in the context of unstable economic circumstances.
Saint Catherine of Alexandria is celebrated every November 25th in the city of Santa Catalina, Jujuy, Argentina. Before this event, a 3-4 day bi-national fair takes place where local and foreign vendors and artisans come from different districts in Bolivia and Argentina, traveling in caravans of donkeys (Equus africanus asinus), llamas (Lama glama) and motor vehicles (called “caravanas” in Spanish). In this study, an ethnobiological framework was used to evaluate traditional practices at the fair, changes in these practices over time, and the use and exchange of products at the fair. During the three days the fair was held, proceedings were documented and interviews were conducted with participants of different roles (“caravana” participants, salespeople, fair workers and others), based on participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and specific dialogue methodologies. During 2015 and 2016, arrivals of caravanas of llamas, donkeys and vehicles were registered. Findings show an increased use of vehicles related to a drop in the use of animals to carry products, which was evidenced by a reduced number of caravanas and an increased number of pick-up trucks carrying goods and Bolivian producers. Traditional Andean practices including, but not limited to, traveling in caravanas are undergoing remarkable cultural “erosion”, a global phenomenon manifesting itself in the local herding lifestyle in Andean areas. Despite this cultural “erosion,” the Santa Catalina fair provides an opportunity to continue observing a system of caravanas that may prove to be resilient in the context of unstable economic circumstances.
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