Peronismo y salarios reales. Otro mirada al período 1939-56

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Fecha
10/2017
Editorial
Academia Nacional de la Historia
Revista
Investigaciones y Ensayos
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Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0539-242X
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Resumen
Las investigaciones sobre la evolución de los salarios en Argentina, bajo el liderazgo político de Juan Domingo Perón (a partir de 1943 y hasta 1955), coinciden en señalar un incremento en sus niveles reales, en particular y de manera extraordinaria entre 1946 y 1949. La imagen de una mejora en las remuneraciones y su poder adquisitivo se apoya fundamentalmente en la evolución de los salarios industriales y el índice de precios al consumidor de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. En este trabajo se profundiza el análisis de la trayectoria de las retribuciones sumando otros sectores (rural, servicio doméstico, construcción y empleados estatales). Asimismo, se evalúa si el índice de precios tradicionalmente utilizado puede considerarse como representativo del movimiento general de precios durante el periodo analizado. Entre las conclusiones, puede mencionarse que la evolución de los salarios reales muestra una trayectoria menos favorable a la señalada por la historiografía. Los operarios manufactureros fueron un grupo privilegiado, situación que no puede extenderse automáticamente al resto de los trabajadores. Por otra parte, los fuertes aumentos logrados a principios de la presidencia de Perón se diluirían con el tiempo; para 1955 los salarios reales habían regresado a niveles similares a los de 1939.
Studies covering the evolution of wages in Argentina under the political leadership of Juan Domingo Perón (from 1943 until 1955) coincide in pointing out an increase in their real levels, particularly and especially between 1946 and 1949. The image of an improvement in wages and its purchasing power has been based mainly on the contrast of the evolution of industrial salaries and the consumer price index of the city of Buenos Aires. This paper seeks to deepen the analysis of the wages by adding other relevant sectors (rural, domestic service, construction and state employees). It also assesses whether the traditionally used price index can be considered representative of the general price movement during the period analyzed. Among the conclusions of the paper it can be mentioned that real wages shows a less favorable trajectory than the one indicated by the historiography. The paper emphasizes that the manufacturing laborers were a privileged group, a situation that cannot automatically be extended to the rest of the workers. On the other hand, the strong gains achieved at the beginning of Perón's presidency would dilute over time. By 1955 real wages had returned to levels similar to those of 1939.
Studies covering the evolution of wages in Argentina under the political leadership of Juan Domingo Perón (from 1943 until 1955) coincide in pointing out an increase in their real levels, particularly and especially between 1946 and 1949. The image of an improvement in wages and its purchasing power has been based mainly on the contrast of the evolution of industrial salaries and the consumer price index of the city of Buenos Aires. This paper seeks to deepen the analysis of the wages by adding other relevant sectors (rural, domestic service, construction and state employees). It also assesses whether the traditionally used price index can be considered representative of the general price movement during the period analyzed. Among the conclusions of the paper it can be mentioned that real wages shows a less favorable trajectory than the one indicated by the historiography. The paper emphasizes that the manufacturing laborers were a privileged group, a situation that cannot automatically be extended to the rest of the workers. On the other hand, the strong gains achieved at the beginning of Perón's presidency would dilute over time. By 1955 real wages had returned to levels similar to those of 1939.
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