Subjetividad e historia en el debate Foucault-Derrida: Sobre las condiciones de posibilidad de una historia crítica de la razón y la locura

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Fecha
12/2023
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Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Asociación Revista de Filosofía de Santa Fe
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1666-485X
eISSN
1668-723X
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Resumen
El presente artículo se propone analizar el debate que enfrentó a Jacques Derrida y Michel Foucault en torno a la Historia de la locura escrita por este último. En primer lugar, se ofrecerá una reconstrucción de las posiciones y argumentos sostenidos por cada autor, poniendo de relieve la problemática en torno a los modos de pensar y escribir la historia por parte de cada uno. En segundo lugar, se intentará aportar una respuesta diferente a la dada por Foucault en 1972 al problema planteado por Derrida sobre la posibilidad de una historia crítica de la razón. En efecto, Foucault se centró en la discusión del texto cartesiano y en la importancia de las modificaciones al nivel del sujeto que, en dicho texto, implicaron la exclusión de la locura. En este artículo, sin embargo, aunque de manera complementaria, se retomará el acontecimiento del “Gran Encierro” atendiendo allí a las marcas de la conformación de una subjetividad moral. Se espera, a través de este análisis, poner de relieve la relación entre subjetividad e historia como eje de la historización crítica desarrollada por Foucault y atender a la objeción derridiana desde un enfoque distinto al planteado por el propio Foucault.
This article aims to analyze the debate between Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault about the History of madness written by the latter. In the first place, a reconstruction of the positions and arguments held by each author will be offered, highlighting the problems around the ways of thinking and writing history on the part of each author. Second, an attempt will be made to provide a different answer to that given by Foucault in 1972 to the problem posed by Derrida about the possibility of a critical history of reason. Indeed, Foucault focused on the discussion of the Cartesian text and in the importance of modifications at the level of the subject that, in that text, implied the exclusion of madness. In this article, however, although in a complementary way, the event of the “Great Confinement” will be taken up again, attending there to the marks of the conformation of a moral subjectivity. It is hoped, through this analysis, to highlight the relationship between subjectivity and history as the axis of the critical historicization developed by Foucault and to address the Derridian objection from a different approach to that raised by Foucault himself.
This article aims to analyze the debate between Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault about the History of madness written by the latter. In the first place, a reconstruction of the positions and arguments held by each author will be offered, highlighting the problems around the ways of thinking and writing history on the part of each author. Second, an attempt will be made to provide a different answer to that given by Foucault in 1972 to the problem posed by Derrida about the possibility of a critical history of reason. Indeed, Foucault focused on the discussion of the Cartesian text and in the importance of modifications at the level of the subject that, in that text, implied the exclusion of madness. In this article, however, although in a complementary way, the event of the “Great Confinement” will be taken up again, attending there to the marks of the conformation of a moral subjectivity. It is hoped, through this analysis, to highlight the relationship between subjectivity and history as the axis of the critical historicization developed by Foucault and to address the Derridian objection from a different approach to that raised by Foucault himself.
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