Hybrid gamma-irradiated PVA/PVP hydrogels: Tailoring synthesis conditions for advanced wound dressing performance

Abstract

Hydrogel wound dressings offer a promising platform for enhancing wound healing by maintaining a moist and protective environment. This study introduces a hybrid synthesis method that combines thermal cycling and gamma irradiation to optimize the macroscopic structure and functional properties of hydrogels for wound dressing applications. Unlike conventional radiochemical synthesis, which often results in large-scale structural inhomogeneities and poor handling properties, the hybrid approach involves pre-gelation of the polymer matrix prior to irradiation, leading to improved visual uniformity, mechanical integrity, and overall usability.A systematic comparison between hybrid and radiochemical methods was performed across five gamma doses (15–50 kGy). Key parameters such as gel fraction, equilibrium swelling, dehydration rate, and water diffusion mechanisms were characterized. Notably, hybrid hydrogels irradiated between 25 and 40 kGy exhibited improved macroscopic homogeneity, optimal gel content, high swelling capacity, and controlled dehydration behaviour—features essential for absorbing wound exudates and maintaining a moist healing environment.This work highlights the hybrid method as a potentially scalable, biocompatible alternative that addresses the limitations of standard radiochemical synthesis. Furthermore, the in-depth analysis of water transport mechanisms provides a predictive understanding of hydrogel performance in real-world conditions. The results position hybrid gamma-irradiated hydrogels as a next-generation solution for advanced wound care.