Análisis del consumo de energía y nutrientes de personas con prediabetes de la ciudad de La Plata: Un estudio transversal descriptivo
; Gagliardino, Juan Jose
; Elgart, Jorge Federico 
Otros responsables
Fecha
07/2024
Editorial
Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética
Revista
Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
2173-1292
eISSN
2174-5145
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Idioma
Español
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Resumen
Introducción: En personas con alto riesgo de desarrollar diabetes, la ingesta de alimentos y calorías tiene influencia en su calidad de vida y sobre la posible evolución a diabetes. Por ello, el objetivo fue describir y estimar el consumo de energía y nutrientes, y su adecuación a los requerimientos nutricionales, en personas con Prediabetes (PreD).Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal sobre un grupo de personas adultas de La Plata con PreD a las que se les midió la ingesta de calorías y nutrientes por día, a partir del registro alimentario NutriQuid. Se realizó su análisis descriptivo y verificó indicadores de ingesta alimentaria, para luego comparar su adecuación a las recomendaciones nutricionales. Resultados: Se evaluaron 115 personas con PreD, de las cuales el 69,3% presentaba obesidad. La mediana de ingesta calórica fue de 2.046,3 kcal/día, valor superior a la recomendada, con una distribución de 40,4% carbohidratos, 19,3% proteínas y 38,3% de grasas. Asimismo, sólo el 18,3% de los participantes presentó un consumo adecuado de fibra, el 29,6% un consumo adecuado de grasas saturadas y el 42,6% un consumo adecuado de colesterol. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio muestra que las personas con PreD presentan un consumo alto de calorías, grasas totales, grasas saturadas y colesterol en comparación a las recomendaciones, lo cual determina un consumo desbalanceado de macronutrientes, y bajo en fibra. Esto podría predisponer al desarrollo diabetes tipo 2, síndrome metabólico, y aumentar el riesgo cardiovascular.
Introduction: In people at high risk of developing diabetes, food and calorie intake have an influence on their quality of life and the possible progression to diabetes. Therefore, the objective was to describe and estimate energy and nutrient consumption, and its adaptation to nutritional requirements in people with Prediabetes (PreD). Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study on a group of adults from La Plata with PreD who had their daily calorie and nutrient intake measured, based on the NutriQuid food record. A descriptive analysis was carried out and food intake indicators were verified, to then compare their adequacy to nutritional recommendations. Results: 115 people with PreD were evaluated, of which 69.3% were obese. The median caloric intake was 2046.3 kcal/day, higher than the recommended value, with a distribution of 40.4% carbohydrates, 19.3% proteins and 38.3% fats. Likewise, only 18.3% of the participants had adequate fiber consumption, 29.6% had adequate saturated fat consumption, and 42.6% had adequate cholesterol consumption. Conclusions: Our study shows that people with PreD have a high consumption of calories, total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol compared to the recommendations, which determines an unbalanced consumption of macronutrients, and low in fiber. This could predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and increase cardiovascular risk.
Introduction: In people at high risk of developing diabetes, food and calorie intake have an influence on their quality of life and the possible progression to diabetes. Therefore, the objective was to describe and estimate energy and nutrient consumption, and its adaptation to nutritional requirements in people with Prediabetes (PreD). Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study on a group of adults from La Plata with PreD who had their daily calorie and nutrient intake measured, based on the NutriQuid food record. A descriptive analysis was carried out and food intake indicators were verified, to then compare their adequacy to nutritional recommendations. Results: 115 people with PreD were evaluated, of which 69.3% were obese. The median caloric intake was 2046.3 kcal/day, higher than the recommended value, with a distribution of 40.4% carbohydrates, 19.3% proteins and 38.3% fats. Likewise, only 18.3% of the participants had adequate fiber consumption, 29.6% had adequate saturated fat consumption, and 42.6% had adequate cholesterol consumption. Conclusions: Our study shows that people with PreD have a high consumption of calories, total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol compared to the recommendations, which determines an unbalanced consumption of macronutrients, and low in fiber. This could predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and increase cardiovascular risk.
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