Rol del ambiente en la genómica de enfermedades: estudio de caso diabetes de tipo 2: particularidades y limitaciones en un contexto de genetización de la vida
; Lavagnino, Nicolas Jose
; Ocampo Mallou, Carolina 
Otros responsables
Fecha
11/2023
Editorial
Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Revista
Prometeica
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
1852-9488
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
La Genómica genera conocimientos y tecnologías para intervenir en la salud humana. También, se destaca la potencialidad de realizar abordajes complejos de la enfermedad, que incluyan las características emergentes de redes génicas e interacciones con el ambiente. Al respecto, indagamos acerca de las nociones de ambiente que se encuentran en la Genómica de enfermedades. A partir de artículos científicos de investigaciones genómicas que abordan la Diabetes de tipo 2 (DT2) publicados en revistas de alto impacto entre 2018-2020, analizamos la manera en que se operativiza el ambiente y el rol causal que se le asigna. Nuestro análisis muestra que en dichas investigaciones: i) se tiende a omitir el rol causal del ambiente en el desarrollo de la DT2, ii) se excluye casi por completo cualquier operativización del ambiente en los diseños experimentales y iii) las explicaciones de la enfermedad se centran en elementos genómicos individuales que favorecen el desarrollo de tecnologías particulares. Caracterizamos que dichas omisiones se enmarcan en la profundización del proceso de "genetización de la vida", entendido como la tendencia hacía concebir a las personas en sus diferencias, comportamientos, padecimientos o enfermedades, principalmente a partir de sus características genéticas. Además, definir a la enfermedad casi exclusivamente en torno a la presencia de variantes genómicas específicas implica una elección y un abordaje particular del sufrimiento, que privatiza e interioriza las causas de la enfermedad en la persona y promueve aproximaciones e intervenciones a nivel individual, invisibilizando factores sociales y limitaciones materiales.
Genomics generates knowledge and technologies to intervene in human health. It also presents the potential for complex approaches to disease, including the emerging characteristics of gene networks and interactions with the environment. In this regard, we inquired about the notions of environment found in disease genomics. Based on scientific articles from genomic research addressing Type 2 Diabetes (TD2) published in high-impact journals between 2018-2020, we analyze how the environment is operationalized and the causal role assigned to it. Our analysis shows that such research: i) tends to omit the causal role of the environment in the development of T2D, ii) excludes, almost completely, any operationalization of the environment in experimental designs, and iii) focuses explanations of the disease on individual genomic elements that favor the development of particular technologies. We characterize these omissions as part of the process of "genetization of life", understood as the tendency to conceive people in their differences, behaviors, illnesses or diseases, mainly on the basis of their genetic characteristics. Moreover, defining disease almost exclusively around the presence of specific genomic variants implies a particular choice and approach to suffering, which privatizes and internalizes the causes of the disease in the person and promotes approaches and interventions at the individual level, making social factors and material limitations invisible.
Genomics generates knowledge and technologies to intervene in human health. It also presents the potential for complex approaches to disease, including the emerging characteristics of gene networks and interactions with the environment. In this regard, we inquired about the notions of environment found in disease genomics. Based on scientific articles from genomic research addressing Type 2 Diabetes (TD2) published in high-impact journals between 2018-2020, we analyze how the environment is operationalized and the causal role assigned to it. Our analysis shows that such research: i) tends to omit the causal role of the environment in the development of T2D, ii) excludes, almost completely, any operationalization of the environment in experimental designs, and iii) focuses explanations of the disease on individual genomic elements that favor the development of particular technologies. We characterize these omissions as part of the process of "genetization of life", understood as the tendency to conceive people in their differences, behaviors, illnesses or diseases, mainly on the basis of their genetic characteristics. Moreover, defining disease almost exclusively around the presence of specific genomic variants implies a particular choice and approach to suffering, which privatizes and internalizes the causes of the disease in the person and promotes approaches and interventions at the individual level, making social factors and material limitations invisible.
Colecciones
Aprobación
Revisión
Complementado por
Referenciado por
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto donde se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este ítem se describe como by-nc
