Calidad microbiológica y fisicoquímica del agua empleada en establecimientos lácteos artesanales de Tandil, Argentina
; Cepeda, Rosana Esther ; Marinelli, Claudia Beatriz ; Landa, Roberto Daniel ; Rodriguez, Corina Iris
; Ruiz de Galarreta, Victor Alejandro ; Krüger, Alejandra 
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Fecha
11/2023
Editorial
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro Ciencias de la Atmósfera
Revista
Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental
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0188-4999
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Español
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Resumen
La elaboración de productos lácteos requiere agua de calidad potable, de tal manera que no comprometa la inocuidad del producto. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar la calidad del agua en ocho establecimientos lácteos de elaboración artesanal del municipio de Tandil, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que utilizan el recurso subterráneo. Se recolectaron datos y se tomaron muestras de agua en diferentes visitas desde 2016 a 2020. Los análisis evidenciaron que un 41 % de las muestras obtenidas de las perforaciones no cumplieron con los criterios físicos y químicos establecidos por el Código Alimentario Argentino para agua potable, principalmente por excesos de nitratos o las sales causantes de la dureza; y un 41 % no fueron aptas según criterios microbiológicos, principalmente por alto recuento de coliformes totales (CT). Asimismo, se evidenciaron altos recuentos de CT, presencia de Escherichia coli y de Pseudomonas aeruginosa en muestras obtenidas de grifos en sala de ordeño (54 % de las muestras con CT, 19 % con E. coli y 12% con P. aeruginosa) y en queserías (33% de las muestras con CT, 7% con E. coli y 2% con P. aeruginosa). También se detectaron clostridios sulfito reductores, enterococos y Salmonella spp. en algunas muestras. Si bien la calidad del acuífero de la región es buena, estos resultados evidenciaron sitios con contaminación puntual que estaría relacionada con la infiltración de los efluentes vertidos y la disposición de excretas cercanas a las perforaciones. El empleo de agua con problemas de calidad microbiológica y/o física y química en establecimientos elaboradores, puede afectar negativamente la calidad de los productos y constituir un riesgo para la salud de los consumidores.
Dairy production requires an abundant good-quality water supply. This research aimed to study water quality in eight artisanal dairies from Tandil, Buenos Aires province, Argentina, which use groundwater resource. Data were collected and water samples were taken in different visits from 2016 to 2020. The analysis showed that 41% of the samples obtained from the perforations did not meet the physical and chemical criteria established by the Argentine Food Code for drinking water, mainly due to excess salts such as nitrates or salts that cause hardness, and 41 % were not suitable according to microbiological criteria, mainly due to a high total coliform count (TC). Likewise, high TC counts and the presence of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evidenced in water samples obtained from dairy farms (54 % CT, 19 % E. coli and 12 % P. aeruginosa) and factories (33% CT, 7% E. coli and 2% P. aeruginosa). Sulfite-reducing clostridia, enterococci, and Salmonella spp. were also detected in some samples. Despite the good quality of the aquifer in the region, these results evidenced sites with point contamination, which could be related to the infiltration of the discharged effluents and the disposal of excreta in the vicinity of the wells. The use of water with microbiological and/or physical and chemical quality problems in these establishments can negatively affect the quality of the products and constitute a risk to the health of consumers.
Dairy production requires an abundant good-quality water supply. This research aimed to study water quality in eight artisanal dairies from Tandil, Buenos Aires province, Argentina, which use groundwater resource. Data were collected and water samples were taken in different visits from 2016 to 2020. The analysis showed that 41% of the samples obtained from the perforations did not meet the physical and chemical criteria established by the Argentine Food Code for drinking water, mainly due to excess salts such as nitrates or salts that cause hardness, and 41 % were not suitable according to microbiological criteria, mainly due to a high total coliform count (TC). Likewise, high TC counts and the presence of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evidenced in water samples obtained from dairy farms (54 % CT, 19 % E. coli and 12 % P. aeruginosa) and factories (33% CT, 7% E. coli and 2% P. aeruginosa). Sulfite-reducing clostridia, enterococci, and Salmonella spp. were also detected in some samples. Despite the good quality of the aquifer in the region, these results evidenced sites with point contamination, which could be related to the infiltration of the discharged effluents and the disposal of excreta in the vicinity of the wells. The use of water with microbiological and/or physical and chemical quality problems in these establishments can negatively affect the quality of the products and constitute a risk to the health of consumers.
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