Diagnóstico molecular del virus de laringotraqueítis infecciosa aviar en granjas de gallinas ponedoras localizadas en Tungurahua, Ecuador
; Echeverria, Maria Gabriela 
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Fecha
11/2024
Editorial
Universidad Nacional del Noreste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
Revista
Revista Veterinaria
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ISSN
1668-4834
eISSN
1669-6840
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Español
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Resumen
La laringotraqueítis infecciosa aviar (ILT) es una enfermedad producida por el Gallid alphaherpesvirus1 (GaHV-1) que se transmite a través de secreciones respiratorias o fómites de aves infectadas deforma natural o por el uso de vacunas vivas originadas en embrión de pollo (CEO). El objetivo de estainvestigación fue detectar molecularmente el GaHV-1 en granjas de gallinas ponedoras localizadas en laprovincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador. Se trabajó con hisopados laringotraqueales y muestras de tráqueasde 47 granjas y una vacuna recombinante de uso comercial con la glicoproteína B del GaHV-1. Se encontróque 3 granjas fueron positivas a GaHV-1 al amplificarse segmentos de los genes ICP4 y timidina kinasa(TK) del virus. Por otro lado, la vacuna recombinante analizada resultó negativa a la amplificación delos genes mencionados. La amplificación de los genes ICP4 y TK en las muestras de campo demostró lapresencia del GaHV-1 en la provincia, pero se descartó la posibilidad de que se trate de virus vacunalderivado del uso de la vacuna recombinante autorizada para ser usada en la zona de estudio. Dado quelas aves no presentaron signos clínicos relacionados con ILT se determinó que no se podría hablar de unbrote de la enfermedad, pero se requiere un estudio molecular de secuenciación de genoma completopara obtener resultados concluyentes. No obstante, debería evitarse la utilización de vacunas tipo CEOen los calendarios vacunales en la provincia de Tungurahua y continuar sólo con el uso de las vacunasvectorizadas autorizadas por el ente de control nacional.
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a disease caused by Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 (GaHV1), which is transmitted through respiratory secretions or fomites from infected birds, either naturally or through the use of chicken embryo-origin (CEO) live vaccines. The objective of this research was to develop a molecular detection of GaHV-1 in laying hen farms located in Tungurahua Province. Laryngotracheal swabs and tracheal samples were collected from 47 farms. In addition, a recombinant vaccine with GaHV-1 glycoprotein B was used. Three farms tested positive to GaHV-1 as they amplified segments of the ICP4 and thymidine kinase (TK) genes. As expected, the recombinant vaccine analyzed was negative to the amplification of the studies genes. The amplification of the ICP4 and TK genes in the field samples demonstrated the presence of GaHV-1 in the province, but the possibility that it was a vaccine-derived virus from the use of the recombinant vaccine authorized for use in the study area was ruled out. Since the birds did not present clinical signs related to ILT, it was determined that an outbreak of the disease could not be confirmed. However, a molecular study with full genome sequencing is required to obtain conclusive results. However, the use of CEO-type vaccines should be avoided in vaccination schedules in Tungurahua Province, and only the use of vectorized vaccines authorized by the national regulatory authority should continue.
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a disease caused by Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 (GaHV1), which is transmitted through respiratory secretions or fomites from infected birds, either naturally or through the use of chicken embryo-origin (CEO) live vaccines. The objective of this research was to develop a molecular detection of GaHV-1 in laying hen farms located in Tungurahua Province. Laryngotracheal swabs and tracheal samples were collected from 47 farms. In addition, a recombinant vaccine with GaHV-1 glycoprotein B was used. Three farms tested positive to GaHV-1 as they amplified segments of the ICP4 and thymidine kinase (TK) genes. As expected, the recombinant vaccine analyzed was negative to the amplification of the studies genes. The amplification of the ICP4 and TK genes in the field samples demonstrated the presence of GaHV-1 in the province, but the possibility that it was a vaccine-derived virus from the use of the recombinant vaccine authorized for use in the study area was ruled out. Since the birds did not present clinical signs related to ILT, it was determined that an outbreak of the disease could not be confirmed. However, a molecular study with full genome sequencing is required to obtain conclusive results. However, the use of CEO-type vaccines should be avoided in vaccination schedules in Tungurahua Province, and only the use of vectorized vaccines authorized by the national regulatory authority should continue.
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