Enhanced Skin Delivery of Amphotericin B: Development and Evaluation of Polymeric Nanoparticles Using a Porcine Ear Model

Abstract

Amphotericin B (AmB) is a widely used antifungal drug that is also prescribed to some neglected diseases, such as leishmaniasis. Its usage is limited by its low oral bioavailability and side effects, leading to the exploration of alternative delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) have emerged as a promising drug delivery pathway, offering potential benefits such as controlled release and improved drug bioavailability. In this work, AmB-loaded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) PNPs were produced by nanoprecipitation and characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Subsequently, their stability was tested in static multiple light scattering (SMLS) analysis, and their penetrability was determined in an ex vivo porcine skin model. The obtained results indicated that the PNPs were successfully produced. The PLA + AmB PNPs were able to reach the viable epidermis, while the PCL + AmB PNPs permeated the stratum corneum, suggesting that both may be useful for the topical treatment of fungal infections and cutaneous leishmaniasis.