Flora melitófila de una reserva urbana en Buenos Aires, Argentina: potenciales especies para conservación ecológica
; Galvani, Gerónimo Luis
; Compagnucci, Luis Alberto
; Torretta, Juan Pablo 
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Fecha
12/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales
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Caldasia
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0366-5232
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Español
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Resumen
Las plantas y sus principales polinizadores, las abejas silvestres, representan un elemento clave en el mantenimiento de las comunidades naturales; por lo tanto, conocer la flora melitófila de un ambiente resulta esencial para trazar planes de manejo y conservación. La Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur (RECS) es un sistema de estudio apropiado por encontrarse en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, su reciente formación y su flora, compuesta por vegetación espontánea nativa y exótica. En este estudio caracterizamos las plantas melitófilas presentes en la RECS e identificamos potenciales especies a cultivar para conservar los elementos de la ecorregión del Delta e Islas del Río Paraná. En cuatro sitios, durante la primavera y el verano por tres años consecutivos, se realizaron muestreos mensuales sobre las plantas nativas y exóticas en floración, registrando el número de visitas de abejas nativas que recibían. Se registraron 1154 visitas en 35 especies de plantas. El 86 % de las visitas registradas fueron en especies melitófilas nativas, y Malvaceae fue la familia de plantas más visitada (42 % del total de las visitas). Siete especies nativas y una exótica tuvieron la mayor parte de los registros (871 registros, 75 %). Se sugieren distintas especies melitófilas a cultivar considerando el número de visitas, su fenología de floración y forma de vida (hierbas, arbustos, árboles o enredaderas). Las especies sugeridas mantendrían el servicio de polinización en la RECS y a la vez facilitarían la restauración del hábitat nativo en otras reservas urbanas, distintos espacios verdes públicos y jardines residenciales de Buenos Aires.
Plants and their main pollinators, wild bees, represent a key element in the maintenance of natural communities, therefore, knowing the melitophilous flora of an environment is essential to draw up management and conservation plans. The Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur (RECS) is an appropriate system to study because of its location in Buenos Aires City, its recent formation, and its flora, characterized by spontaneous native and exotic species. In this contribution, we characterized melitophilous plants present in the RECS, and identified potential native species to cultivate, to conserve the elements of the Delta e Islas del Río Paraná ecoregion. In four sites, during spring and summer for three years, monthly samplings were carried out on flowering plant species, recording the number of visits received by native bees. 1154 visits were recorded in 35 plant species. 86 % of the visits recorded were in native melitophilous species and Malvaceae was the most visited family (42 % of the total visits). Seven native and one exotic species had the most records (871 records, 75 %). Different melitophilous species are suggested for cultivation considering the number of visits recorded, their flowering phenology and habit (herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines). The species suggested would maintain the pollination service in the RECS, and at the same time would facilitate the restoration of the native habitat in other urban reserves and different public green spaces and residential gardens of Buenos Aires.
Plants and their main pollinators, wild bees, represent a key element in the maintenance of natural communities, therefore, knowing the melitophilous flora of an environment is essential to draw up management and conservation plans. The Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur (RECS) is an appropriate system to study because of its location in Buenos Aires City, its recent formation, and its flora, characterized by spontaneous native and exotic species. In this contribution, we characterized melitophilous plants present in the RECS, and identified potential native species to cultivate, to conserve the elements of the Delta e Islas del Río Paraná ecoregion. In four sites, during spring and summer for three years, monthly samplings were carried out on flowering plant species, recording the number of visits received by native bees. 1154 visits were recorded in 35 plant species. 86 % of the visits recorded were in native melitophilous species and Malvaceae was the most visited family (42 % of the total visits). Seven native and one exotic species had the most records (871 records, 75 %). Different melitophilous species are suggested for cultivation considering the number of visits recorded, their flowering phenology and habit (herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines). The species suggested would maintain the pollination service in the RECS, and at the same time would facilitate the restoration of the native habitat in other urban reserves and different public green spaces and residential gardens of Buenos Aires.
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