Carga de enfermedad atribuible al uso de tabaco en Colombia y potenciales beneficios sanitarios y económicos del aumento del precio del cigarrillo mediante impuestos
; Alcaraz, Andrea ; Bardach, Ariel Esteban
; Mejía, Aurelio ; Pichón-riviere, Andres 
Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2019
Editorial
Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
Revista
Revista Colombiana de Cancerología
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0123-9015
eISSN
2346-0199
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Clasificación temática
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Resumen
Objetivo: estimar la carga de enfermedad asociada al consumo de tabaco en Colombia y evaluar el potencial efecto sanitario y económico del aumento de precio en los cigarrillos mediante impuestos.Materiales y métodos: se diseñó un modelo de simulación de Monte Carlo de primer orden que incorporó la historia natural, los costos y la calidad de vida de enfermedades relacionadas con el consumo de tabaco en adultos. Se estimó el impacto en la prevalencia de tabaquismo y en la recaudación de diferentes escenarios de aumento de precio a través de impuestos.Resultados: en Colombia cada año mueren 32.088 personas como consecuencia del consumo de cigarrillo y pueden atribuírsele los siguientes porcentajes: el 16% de las muertes cardiovasculares, el 13% de las producidas por accidentes cerebrovasculares, el 77% de las muertes ocasionadas por enfermedad pulmonar obtructiva crónica y el 80% de las muertes por cáncer de pulmón. Las enfermedades relacionadas con el cigarrillo representan un costo directo anual al sistema de salud de más de 4,5 billones de pesos, mientras la recaudación impositiva por la venta de cigarrillos apenas logra cubrir un 10% de este gasto. Un aumento en el precio de los cigarrillos del 50% podría evitar, en un horizonte de 10 años, más de 45.000 muertes y generar recursos por 8 billones por ahorro en gastos sanitarios y aumento de recaudación.Conclusiones: la carga de enfermedad y el costo para el sistema de salud asociados al consumo de tabaco son muy elevados en Colombia. Un aumento del precio de los cigarrillos a través de los impuestos tendría importantes bene cios tanto sanitarios como económicos.
Objective: to estimate the burden of disease associated with tobacco consumption in Colombia and to evaluate the potential health and economic effect of the price increase in cigarettes through taxes. Materials and methods: to estimate the burden of disease, a first-order Monte Carlo simulation model was designed that incorporated the natural history, costs and quality of life of diseases related to tobacco consumption in adults. A tax model was designed to calculate the impact on the prevalence of smoking and on the collection of different price increase scenarios. Results: according to the proposed model, it can be estimated that in Colombia 26,464 people die every year as a result of cigarette smoking. 13% of cardiovascular deaths, 13% of those caused by strokes, 77% of deaths caused by chronic lung disease and 81% of deaths from lung cancer can be attributed to their consumption. The diseases related to cigarettes in Colombia represent a direct annual cost of more than 4 billion pesos, while the tax collection from the sale of cigarettes barely covers 10% of this expense. An increase in the price of cigarettes of 50% could prevent more than 30,000 deaths in ten years and generate resources for 7.9 billion savings in health spending and increased collection. Conclusions: the burden of disease and the cost to the health system associated with tobacco use are very high in Colombia. An increase in the price of cigarettes through taxes would have important health and economic benefits for Colombia.
Objective: to estimate the burden of disease associated with tobacco consumption in Colombia and to evaluate the potential health and economic effect of the price increase in cigarettes through taxes. Materials and methods: to estimate the burden of disease, a first-order Monte Carlo simulation model was designed that incorporated the natural history, costs and quality of life of diseases related to tobacco consumption in adults. A tax model was designed to calculate the impact on the prevalence of smoking and on the collection of different price increase scenarios. Results: according to the proposed model, it can be estimated that in Colombia 26,464 people die every year as a result of cigarette smoking. 13% of cardiovascular deaths, 13% of those caused by strokes, 77% of deaths caused by chronic lung disease and 81% of deaths from lung cancer can be attributed to their consumption. The diseases related to cigarettes in Colombia represent a direct annual cost of more than 4 billion pesos, while the tax collection from the sale of cigarettes barely covers 10% of this expense. An increase in the price of cigarettes of 50% could prevent more than 30,000 deaths in ten years and generate resources for 7.9 billion savings in health spending and increased collection. Conclusions: the burden of disease and the cost to the health system associated with tobacco use are very high in Colombia. An increase in the price of cigarettes through taxes would have important health and economic benefits for Colombia.
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