Los campamentos de peones rurales durante la Patagonia rebelde: Descripción y formulación de expectativas arqueológicas a partir de las fuentes documentales

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Fecha
09/2020
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Centro de Estudios de Arqueología Histórica
Revista
Teoría y Práctica de la Arqueología Histórica Latinoamericana
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ISSN
2591-2801
eISSN
2250-866X
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Español
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Resumen
Hace unos años hemos iniciado estudios históricos y arqueológicos sobre las huelgas de peones rurales que ocurrieron en Santa Cruz entre los años 1920 y 1921, centrándonos principalmente en el noreste de este territorio. Nos interesa rescatar la memoria de estos trágicos sucesos que afectaron a la sociedad santacruceña de esos tiempos, que terminaron por consolidar una actividad económica preponderante durante la primera mitad del siglo XX basada en la ganadería ovina y la explotación de la mano de obra rural en condiciones durísimas de trabajo. En este marco, y dado que los escasos antecedentes existentes –más allá de la obra pionera de Osvaldo Bayer- se centran en aspectos contextuales e interpretativos de las huelgas, es que pretendemos avanzar en el conocimiento de cómo se desarrollaron estos sucesos y cómo afectaron al territorio y sus habitantes. En este trabajo, en particular, analizamos las características de los campamentos de los huelguistas a partir de fuentes documentales inéditas -actas judiciales, documentos militares y relatos manuscritos- para establecer de forma exploratoria una serie de hipótesis que pudieran generar expectativas arqueológicas sobre la localización y los restos materiales esperables en los campamentos. Estos podrán luego ser contrastadas con el registro material en lugares donde presumiblemente hubo campamentos de los huelguistas.
A few years ago, we began historical and archaeological studies on the strikes of rural laborers that occurred in Santa Cruz between 1920 and 1921, focusing mainly on the northeast of this territory. We are interested in recovering the memory of these tragic events that affected the Santa Cruz society of those times and that ended up consolidating a preponderant economic activity based on sheep farming through the exploitation of rural labor in very hard work conditions. In this context, and given that the scarce existing information -beyond the pioneering work of Osvaldo Bayer- were focused on contextual and interpretative aspects of the strikes, it is that we intend to advance in the knowledge of how these events developed and how they affected the territory and its inhabitants. In this work, in particular we analyze the characteristics of the strikers’ camps from unpublished documentary sources -judicial acts, military documents and manuscript accounts- to establish in an exploratory way a series of hypotheses that could generate archaeological expectations about the location and material remains expected in the camps. These can then be contrasted with the material record in places where there were presumably camps of the strikers.
A few years ago, we began historical and archaeological studies on the strikes of rural laborers that occurred in Santa Cruz between 1920 and 1921, focusing mainly on the northeast of this territory. We are interested in recovering the memory of these tragic events that affected the Santa Cruz society of those times and that ended up consolidating a preponderant economic activity based on sheep farming through the exploitation of rural labor in very hard work conditions. In this context, and given that the scarce existing information -beyond the pioneering work of Osvaldo Bayer- were focused on contextual and interpretative aspects of the strikes, it is that we intend to advance in the knowledge of how these events developed and how they affected the territory and its inhabitants. In this work, in particular we analyze the characteristics of the strikers’ camps from unpublished documentary sources -judicial acts, military documents and manuscript accounts- to establish in an exploratory way a series of hypotheses that could generate archaeological expectations about the location and material remains expected in the camps. These can then be contrasted with the material record in places where there were presumably camps of the strikers.
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