Eventos e intervalos en la semántica del pretérito, del imperfecto y del progresivo

Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2007
Editorial
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Instituto de Literatura y Ciencias del Lenguaje
Revista
Signos
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0035-0451
eISSN
0718-0934
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
El español contiene un sofisticado engranaje gramatical de morfemas para la construcción de representaciones temporales que no ha sido satisfactoriamente descripto. Por un lado, las gramáticas descriptivas ofrecen caracterizaciones epistemológicamente frágiles (Bello, 1970; Rojo & Veiga, 1999). Por otro lado, la precisión de las categorías de las gramáticas formales contrasta con su pobreza descriptiva (de Swart, 1998). Este trabajo es un intento desde la semántica formal por superar ambos inconvenientes con dos estrategias. Primero, muestra que ciertas propiedades de significado de los morfemas temporales son semánticas mientras que otras son pragmáticas. Segundo, modeliza el conocimiento semántico necesario para dominar expresiones temporales del español en términos de una estructura de eventos y otra de intervalos. Ambas estructuras están sistemáticamente relacionadas pero cada una contiene individuos y relaciones intrínsecas. Este modelo permite definir en términos de propiedades de eventos las categorías relevantes al Aspecto Léxico (Aktionarten). En cambio, tanto el Aspecto Gramatical (perfectividad e imperfectividad) como el Tiempo Gramatical (localización temporal) son descriptos como propiedades de intervalos. Esta distinción entre estructuras semánticas capta nítidamente tanto la oposición ‘pretérito-imperfecto’ como aquella ‘imperfecto-progresivo’ y justifica el aporte insustituible de cada una de ellas al sistema semántico del español.
Spanish encompasses an elaborated grammatical assembly of morphemes in order to build temporal representations. This grammatical subsystem has not been properly described. On the one hand, descriptive grammars provide epistemologically fragile characterizations (Bello, 1970; Rojo y Veiga, 1999). On the other hand, formal grammars offer well-defined categories that have poor empirical coverage (de Swart, 1998). Couched in formal semantics, my proposal aims at overcoming both of these shortcomings with two strategies. First, it claims that certain meaning properties of temporal morphemes are semantic whereas others are pragmatic. Second, it represents the semantic knowledge needed to manipulate temporal expressions in Spanish in terms of an event structure and an interval structure. Both structures are systematically connected but they consist each of their own individuals and relations. This theory is able to define in terms of event properties the categories pertaining to Lexical Aspect (Aktionarten). In contrast, Grammatical Aspect ((im)perfectivity) as well as Tense (temporal location) are described as interval properties. This distinction between semantic structures neatly captures the opposition ‘Pretérito-imperfecto’ as well as that one ‘imperfecto-progresivo’. The presence of each morpheme in the system is, thus, justified on their unique contribution to the Spanish semantic system.
Spanish encompasses an elaborated grammatical assembly of morphemes in order to build temporal representations. This grammatical subsystem has not been properly described. On the one hand, descriptive grammars provide epistemologically fragile characterizations (Bello, 1970; Rojo y Veiga, 1999). On the other hand, formal grammars offer well-defined categories that have poor empirical coverage (de Swart, 1998). Couched in formal semantics, my proposal aims at overcoming both of these shortcomings with two strategies. First, it claims that certain meaning properties of temporal morphemes are semantic whereas others are pragmatic. Second, it represents the semantic knowledge needed to manipulate temporal expressions in Spanish in terms of an event structure and an interval structure. Both structures are systematically connected but they consist each of their own individuals and relations. This theory is able to define in terms of event properties the categories pertaining to Lexical Aspect (Aktionarten). In contrast, Grammatical Aspect ((im)perfectivity) as well as Tense (temporal location) are described as interval properties. This distinction between semantic structures neatly captures the opposition ‘Pretérito-imperfecto’ as well as that one ‘imperfecto-progresivo’. The presence of each morpheme in the system is, thus, justified on their unique contribution to the Spanish semantic system.
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