Relación entre el entrenamiento musical, la memoria de trabajo y la comprensión verbal en adolescentes entre 12 y 14 años

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Fecha
07/2024
Editorial
Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Artes
Revista
Revista Musical Chilena
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ISSN
0717-6252
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Español
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Resumen
La investigación en torno a la relación entre el cerebro y la música se ha enfocado, en los últimos años, en comprender cómo la práctica musical activa puede generar cambios duraderos en diversas funciones cognitivas. Estudios comparativos entre poblaciones con y sin entrenamiento musical han examinado si dicha formación propicia la transferencia de habilidades adquiridas en el ámbito musical hacia otros dominios, estén o no relacionados con la música. Como resultado, se han observado efectos beneficiosos en el rendimiento cognitivo de personas con entrenamiento musical, incluso en áreas no estrictamente musicales. A pesar de estos hallazgos, aún existe una brecha en el conocimiento acerca de cómo el entrenamiento musical impacta de manera específica la memoria de trabajo y la comprensión verbal en adolescentes. Con el propósito de profundizar en este aspecto, el presente estudio evaluó el impacto de un programa de orquesta juvenil de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en la memoria de trabajo y la comprensión verbal, mediante pruebas estandarizadas aplicadas a adolescentes de 12 a 14 años. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal que comparó dos grupos de adolescentes, uno con entrenamiento musical y otro sin él. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas a favor del grupo con entrenamiento musical en las pruebas de dígitos directos e inversos, así como en las subpruebas de comprensión verbal (semejanzas, vocabulario y comprensión). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el resto de las pruebas. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el programa de orquesta juvenil contribuye al desarrollo cognitivo en ciertos aspectos, lo cual podría tener implicaciones positivas en el desempeño académico y, eventualmente, en el ámbito profesional de los participantes.
Recent research on the relationship between the brain and music has increasingly focused on understanding how active musical practice can produce lasting changes in various cognitive functions. Comparative studies of populations with and without musical training have examined whether such training fosters the transfer of music-related skills to other domains, regardless of their direct connection to music. As a result, beneficial effects on cognitive performance have been observed among individuals with musical training, even in areas not strictly related to music. Despite these findings, there is still a gap in our understanding of how musical training specifically affects working memory and verbal comprehension in adolescents. To address this issue, the present study evaluated the impact of a youth orchestra program in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, on working memory and verbal comprehension, using standardized tests administered to adolescents aged 12 to 14 years. A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing two groups of adolescents— one with musical training and one without. The results showed significant differences favoring the musically trained group in both forward and backward digit span tests, as well as in the verbal comprehension subtests (Similarities, Vocabulary, and Comprehension). No significant differences were found in the remaining tests. These findings suggest that the youth orchestra program contributes positively to certain aspects of cognitive development, which may, in turn, have favorable implications for academic performance and, potentially, future professional endeavors.
Recent research on the relationship between the brain and music has increasingly focused on understanding how active musical practice can produce lasting changes in various cognitive functions. Comparative studies of populations with and without musical training have examined whether such training fosters the transfer of music-related skills to other domains, regardless of their direct connection to music. As a result, beneficial effects on cognitive performance have been observed among individuals with musical training, even in areas not strictly related to music. Despite these findings, there is still a gap in our understanding of how musical training specifically affects working memory and verbal comprehension in adolescents. To address this issue, the present study evaluated the impact of a youth orchestra program in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, on working memory and verbal comprehension, using standardized tests administered to adolescents aged 12 to 14 years. A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing two groups of adolescents— one with musical training and one without. The results showed significant differences favoring the musically trained group in both forward and backward digit span tests, as well as in the verbal comprehension subtests (Similarities, Vocabulary, and Comprehension). No significant differences were found in the remaining tests. These findings suggest that the youth orchestra program contributes positively to certain aspects of cognitive development, which may, in turn, have favorable implications for academic performance and, potentially, future professional endeavors.
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