Las estrategias del poder empresarial minero en las provincias argentinas: el caso de la Barrick Gold en San Juan (2002-2018)

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05/2021
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Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Político
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Revista S.A.A.P
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1666-7883
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Este trabajo analiza, desde la literatura de poder empresarial de la economía política, la relación que existe entre la trasnacional Barrick Gold Corporation y las políticas de promoción de la mega minería en San Juan. ¿Cómo se explica que, durante un período prolongado de tiempo, la explotación minera se sostenga a pesar de resistencias sociales, normativas y jurídicas que buscan impedirla? Y, en particular, ¿cuál es el repertorio de estrategias que utilizó la empresa para este objetivo? Aquí se aborda la relevancia de estudiar la hipótesis del no-cambio a lo largo del tiempo a partir del poder empresarial de la empresa. Desde el desarrollo de tres indicadores (peso en la matriz productiva, legitimación social e influencia de la decisión política) se propone que el repertorio de estrategias desarrollado por la Barrick Gold Corporation y el consecuente stock de poder acumulado es el elemento central que explica esta relación positiva del desarrollo de la mega minería en San Juan. Sin embargo, contrariamente a lo esperado, este desarrollo es irregular y con resistencias sociales, jurídicas y normativas que frenaron ese poder.
This paper analyzes, from the literature on business power of political economy, the relationship between the transnational Barrick Gold Corporation and the policies to promote mega-mining in San Juan. How is it explained that, for a prolonged period, mining exploitation is sustained despite social, normative and legal resistance that seeks to prevent it? And what is the repertoire of strategies used by the company for this purpose? Here the relevance of studying the hypothesis of no-change over time based on the entrepreneurial power of the company is addressed. From the development of three indicators (weight in the productive matrix, social legitimacy, and influence of the political decision) it is proposed that the repertoire of strategies developed by the Barrick Gold Corporation and the consequent stock of accumulated power is the central element that explains this positive relationship of the development of the mega mining in San Juan. However, contrary to expectations, this development is irregular and implied social, legal, and regulatory resistance that restrained that power.
This paper analyzes, from the literature on business power of political economy, the relationship between the transnational Barrick Gold Corporation and the policies to promote mega-mining in San Juan. How is it explained that, for a prolonged period, mining exploitation is sustained despite social, normative and legal resistance that seeks to prevent it? And what is the repertoire of strategies used by the company for this purpose? Here the relevance of studying the hypothesis of no-change over time based on the entrepreneurial power of the company is addressed. From the development of three indicators (weight in the productive matrix, social legitimacy, and influence of the political decision) it is proposed that the repertoire of strategies developed by the Barrick Gold Corporation and the consequent stock of accumulated power is the central element that explains this positive relationship of the development of the mega mining in San Juan. However, contrary to expectations, this development is irregular and implied social, legal, and regulatory resistance that restrained that power.
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