Modelado geoquímico e isotópico de las relaciones agua superficial-subterránea en la planicie arenosa del sur de Córdoba
; Blarasin, Mónica Teresa ; Panarello, Hector Osvaldo 
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Fecha
12/2015
Editorial
Asociación Geológica Argentina
Revista
Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
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ISSN
0004-4822
eISSN
1851-8249
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Español
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Resumen
La planicie arenosa del sur de Córdoba, constituye un palimpsesto resultante de la yuxtaposición del sistema eólico (“Mar de Arena Pampeano”) con el sistema fluvial río Quinto. El objetivo es realizar la caracterización dinámica y geoquímica (general e isotópica) del agua superficial y subterránea, para establecer el modelo de funcionamiento y sus interrelaciones. Se realiza además un modelado numérico para validar el modelo hidrogeológico conceptual. El río Quinto, con nacientes en las sierras de San Luis, desarrolla en el área de estudio su cuenca media-baja, registrando variaciones de caudal entre invierno-verano, velocidad promedio del agua de 0,8 m/s y tipo geoquímico sulfatado sódico. El acuífero libre estudiado presentó gradientes hidráulicos variables, baja velocidad del agua (0,2 m/d) y un patrón geoquímico complejo (aguas bicarbonatadas a sulfatadas-cloruradas sódicas). Considerando la conexión hidráulica demostrada entre ambos sistemas hidrológicos (río predominantemente efluente), se interpreta una preponderancia del agua superficial en verano, que diluye por dispersión hidrodinámica los solutos ingresados desde el acuífero, dadas las diferencias de velocidad del agua entre ambos sistemas hidrológicos. Los resultados isotópicos muestran que río y acuífero se alinean en una recta de evaporación con origen en la composición isotópica de cuenca alta, marcando procedencia. La baja pendiente de la recta indica además, procesos de mezcla río-acuífero. Así, en la provincia de Córdoba se observó en verano un dominio del agua superficial (72 %), incluyendo aporte desde embalses, mientras que en invierno, predomina el caudal de base (82 %). La cuenca muestra un típico caso de condicionamientos naturales y antrópicos, cuyo funcionamiento no reconoce fronteras políticas, indicando la utilidad de estudios interjurisdiccionales.
The sandy plain of the south of Cordoba is a palimpsest resulting from an Aeolian System (“Pampean Sand Sea”) and the Quinto River system’s juxtaposition. The aim of this work is to carry out the dynamic and geochemical characterization (general and isotopic) of surface water-groundwater relationships, validating with a numerical model. The Quinto River, with headwaters in the San Luis Mountains, develops its middle basin in the study area, registering flow variations between winter and summer. The average surface water velocity is 0.8 m/s and the geochemical type is sodium sulfate. The unconfined aquifer presented variable hydraulic gradients, low water velocity (0.2 m/d) and a complex geochemical pattern (sodium bicarbonate, sulfate or chloride types). Considering the hydraulic connection between the two hydrological systems (a predominantly gaining river) a dominance of surface water in summer is detected. Thus, surface water dilutes by hydrodynamic dispersion the salts supplied by the aquifer, due to differences in water velocity in both hydrological systems. Isotopes results show that the river and the aquifer lay on an evaporation line with origin in the upper basin water isotope composition, which indicates provenance. The low slope of the line indicates river-aquifer mixing processes. Thus, in Cordoba Province, it was observed the prevalence of surface water in summer (72 %), including contribution from dams, while the base flow is dominant in winter (82 %). This basin constitutes a paradigmatic case of natural and anthropogenic constraints, whose functioning does not recognize political boundaries, indicating the usefulness of inter-jurisdictional studies.
The sandy plain of the south of Cordoba is a palimpsest resulting from an Aeolian System (“Pampean Sand Sea”) and the Quinto River system’s juxtaposition. The aim of this work is to carry out the dynamic and geochemical characterization (general and isotopic) of surface water-groundwater relationships, validating with a numerical model. The Quinto River, with headwaters in the San Luis Mountains, develops its middle basin in the study area, registering flow variations between winter and summer. The average surface water velocity is 0.8 m/s and the geochemical type is sodium sulfate. The unconfined aquifer presented variable hydraulic gradients, low water velocity (0.2 m/d) and a complex geochemical pattern (sodium bicarbonate, sulfate or chloride types). Considering the hydraulic connection between the two hydrological systems (a predominantly gaining river) a dominance of surface water in summer is detected. Thus, surface water dilutes by hydrodynamic dispersion the salts supplied by the aquifer, due to differences in water velocity in both hydrological systems. Isotopes results show that the river and the aquifer lay on an evaporation line with origin in the upper basin water isotope composition, which indicates provenance. The low slope of the line indicates river-aquifer mixing processes. Thus, in Cordoba Province, it was observed the prevalence of surface water in summer (72 %), including contribution from dams, while the base flow is dominant in winter (82 %). This basin constitutes a paradigmatic case of natural and anthropogenic constraints, whose functioning does not recognize political boundaries, indicating the usefulness of inter-jurisdictional studies.
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