Poder e interculturalidad entre las mujeres mbyá guaraní de Misiones
; Cantore, Alfonsina Otros responsables
Fecha
04/2021
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Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Estudios Sociales y Políticos de la Patagonia
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2250-5369
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El liderazgo mbyá guaraní ha sido estudiado tradicionalmente a partir de los vínculos con los dioses. Sin embargo, en las relaciones con el Estado nacional han surgido nuevas formas de autoridad al interior de las comunidades que no implican suplantar a los opyguas -líderes espirituales-, sino cumplir nuevos roles. Quizás unas de las figuras más sobresalientes hayan sido los caciques a través de quienes se establecen negociaciones sencillas entre las comunidades y el Estado. Pero, también, aparecen otros cargos en ámbitos educativos y sanitarios como los/las auxiliares bilingües y los/las agentes sanitarios/as. Lo cierto es que estos roles surgen a partir de encuentros interétnicos y visibilizan nuevas relaciones de poder en las que el género presenta interrogantes. En este texto intentamos profundizar en las nuevas experiencias de autoridad y sus complejidades al interior de las comunidades destacando el rol de las mujeres al asumir estas responsabilidades. A partir de los registros de trabajo de campo durante diferentes etapas de investigación y en distintos núcleos de la provincia de Misiones (Argentina) buscaremos dar cuenta de las transformaciones de liderazgo retrospectivamente.
The mbyá guaraní leadership has traditionally been studied from the links with the gods. However, in the relations with the State, new forms of authority have emerged within the communities that do not imply supplanting the opyguas - spiritual leaders - but to fulfill new roles. Some of the most outstanding figures were the caciques through whom simple negotiations were established between the communities and the State. But, also, other positions appear in educational and health fields such as bilingual assistants and health agents. Any of these roles arise from inter-ethnic encounters and make visible new power relations in which gender presents questions. In this text we try to deepen the new experiences of authority and its complexities within communities, highlighting the role of women in assuming these responsibilities. From our etnography during different stages of research and in different nuclei of the province of Misiones (Argentina) we will seek to account for leadership transformations retrospectively.
The mbyá guaraní leadership has traditionally been studied from the links with the gods. However, in the relations with the State, new forms of authority have emerged within the communities that do not imply supplanting the opyguas - spiritual leaders - but to fulfill new roles. Some of the most outstanding figures were the caciques through whom simple negotiations were established between the communities and the State. But, also, other positions appear in educational and health fields such as bilingual assistants and health agents. Any of these roles arise from inter-ethnic encounters and make visible new power relations in which gender presents questions. In this text we try to deepen the new experiences of authority and its complexities within communities, highlighting the role of women in assuming these responsibilities. From our etnography during different stages of research and in different nuclei of the province of Misiones (Argentina) we will seek to account for leadership transformations retrospectively.
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