El Abba como Gnóstico en Evagrio Póntico: El rol pedagógico-medicinal de su palabra y sus fuentes

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12/2017
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Abadia de Montserrat
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Studia Monastica
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0039-3258
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Una figura característica y distintiva del monacato cristiano primitivo es la del Abba o anciano. Éste es, en sentido lato, un monje experimentado que puede, en virtud de su progreso espiritual, ejercer un auténtico "ministerio de la palabra". Por este ministerio el Abba realiza una tarea de auxilio a los hombres hostigados por sus pensamientos y pasiones, y por tentaciones demoníacas. En el pensamiento de Evagrio Póntico, monje y filósofo, el Abba o anciano recibe la significativa denominación de "Gnóstico" pues se trata del monje que ha alcanzado un cierto grado de ciencia espiritual natural primero, sobrenatural después- al cabo de haberse ejercitado sostenidamente en el ejercicio de las virtudes (Practiké). De este modo, nuestro autor sitúa aquel "ministerio de la palabra" en el marco de su esquema de la vida cristiana, atribuyéndole una función pedagógica y terapeútica que se funda en una serie de condiciones bien identificadas por su reflexión. Nos interesa profundizar en las condiciones que se pueden rastrear en la obra de nuestro autor a fin de visualizar los fundamentos sobre los que se sostiene la función medicinal que, en el pensamiento evagriano, puede ejercer el gnóstico mediante su palabra.
A characteristic and distinctive figure of early Christian monasticism is that of Abba or elder. This is, in a broad sense, an experienced monk who can, by virtue of his spiritual progress, exercise a true "ministry of the word." Through this ministry the Abba performs a task of helping men harassed by their thoughts and passions, and by demonic temptations. In the thought of Evagrius Ponticus, a monk and philosopher, the Abba or elder receives the significant denomination of "Gnostic" because it is the monk who has attained a certain degree of spiritual science -first natural, after supernatural- as fruit V of the sustained exercise of the virtues (Practiké). In this way, our author places that <ministry of the word" within the framework of his Christian life scheme. He attributes to this <ministry of the word, a pedagogical and therapeutic function that is based on a series of conditions well identified by his reflection. Our interest is analyzing this conditions in order to visualize the foundations of the medicinal function that the gnostic can exercise through his word.
A characteristic and distinctive figure of early Christian monasticism is that of Abba or elder. This is, in a broad sense, an experienced monk who can, by virtue of his spiritual progress, exercise a true "ministry of the word." Through this ministry the Abba performs a task of helping men harassed by their thoughts and passions, and by demonic temptations. In the thought of Evagrius Ponticus, a monk and philosopher, the Abba or elder receives the significant denomination of "Gnostic" because it is the monk who has attained a certain degree of spiritual science -first natural, after supernatural- as fruit V of the sustained exercise of the virtues (Practiké). In this way, our author places that <ministry of the word" within the framework of his Christian life scheme. He attributes to this <ministry of the word, a pedagogical and therapeutic function that is based on a series of conditions well identified by his reflection. Our interest is analyzing this conditions in order to visualize the foundations of the medicinal function that the gnostic can exercise through his word.
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