Diferencias fenotípicas ante la devaluación y omisión de una recompensa esperada
; Ifrán, María Celeste
; Kamenetzky, Giselle Vanesa
; Cuenya, Lucas 
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Fecha
2020-12-31
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Universidad de Chile
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Revista de Psicología
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0719-0581
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La frustración es una respuesta comportamental, emocional y neurobiológica concomitante a la discrepancia negativa entre el refuerzo esperado y el obtenido, ya sea por la devaluación u omisión del incentivo. Los modelos animales y la comparación de cepas endocriadas han permitido estudiar la contribución de los factores genéticos a la expresión de diferencias fenotípicas en tales situaciones. El objetivo consistió en comparar cepas que difieren en su comportamiento emocional ante la devaluación (Exp 1) y omisión (Exp 2) de un refuerzo: las ratas espontáneamente hipertensas (SHR) y normotensas Wistar Kyoto (WKY). En ambos experimentos se halló que las SHR realizaron significativamente más respuestas de ingesta durante la fase de adquisición. En la fase de prueba del Exp 1, se observó una recuperación enlentecida de su respuesta. En el Exp 2 no se observaron diferencias entre cepas. La cepa emocionalmente más reac-tiva (SHR) no difirió con respecto a su control (WKY) en la reacción inicial ante la devaluación del refuerzo, pero mostró una recuperación enlentecida. Estos datos son congruentes con la literatura que sugiere que, ante la devaluación del incentivo, las diferencias fenotípicas se expresan con mayor facilidad en la recuperación de la respuesta (frustración secundaria).
Frustration is a behavioural, emotional, and neurobiological response triggered by the negative discrepancy between an expected and obtained reward, due to its devaluation or omission. Animal models and comparisons between inbred strains of rats are useful tools to study the contribution of genetic factors to the expression of phenotypic differences in such situations. The objective of this study was to compare strains that differ in emotional behaviour in their responses to reward devaluation (Exp 1) and omission (Exp 2): spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats Wistar Kyoto (WKY). During both experiments, the SHR rats showed significantly more intake responses during the acquisition phase. In the test phase of Exp 1, the SHR strain showed a slower recovery response. In Exp 2 there were no differences between strains. The more emotionally reactive strain (SHR) did not differ from its control (WKY) in the initial reaction to the reward devaluation but showed a slowed recovery on the consummatory response. These data are consistent with the literature that suggests that individual differences are more easily expressed in the recovery of the response (secondary frustration) in a situation that involves incentive devaluation.
Frustration is a behavioural, emotional, and neurobiological response triggered by the negative discrepancy between an expected and obtained reward, due to its devaluation or omission. Animal models and comparisons between inbred strains of rats are useful tools to study the contribution of genetic factors to the expression of phenotypic differences in such situations. The objective of this study was to compare strains that differ in emotional behaviour in their responses to reward devaluation (Exp 1) and omission (Exp 2): spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats Wistar Kyoto (WKY). During both experiments, the SHR rats showed significantly more intake responses during the acquisition phase. In the test phase of Exp 1, the SHR strain showed a slower recovery response. In Exp 2 there were no differences between strains. The more emotionally reactive strain (SHR) did not differ from its control (WKY) in the initial reaction to the reward devaluation but showed a slowed recovery on the consummatory response. These data are consistent with the literature that suggests that individual differences are more easily expressed in the recovery of the response (secondary frustration) in a situation that involves incentive devaluation.
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