Actitudes hacia la discapacidad en adolescentes: efectos de un programa basado en el modelo social de discapacidad.

Otros responsables
Fecha
01/2019
Editorial
Red Iberoamericana de Expertos en la Convención de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad
Revista
Revista Latinoamericana en Discapacidad, Sociedad y Derechos Humanos
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eISSN
2525-1643
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Español
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Resumen
Las actitudes negativas hacia la discapacidad constituyen barreras sociales que dificultan el ejercicio pleno de los derechos humanos y favorecen la discriminación y exclusión social. El ámbito escolar constituye un espacio privilegiado para abordar esta problemática y promover actitudes positivas hacia personas con discapacidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la incidencia de un programa basado en el modelo social de discapacidad, sobre las actitudes hacia personas con discapacidad de adolescentes que cursan el tercer año del ciclo básico unificado de dos colegios en una ciudad de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Las actividades enfatizaron las vivencias cotidianas y capacidades de las personas con discapacidad, promoviendo experiencias de interacción con las y los adolescentes. Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, con diseño pre-post de grupos experimental y cuasi control. Se administraron instrumentos que evaluaron actitudes hacia la discapacidad, contacto previo con personas con discapacidad y opinión sobre el programa. Los resultados evidenciaron un efecto significativo sobre los puntajes de actitud en el grupo experimental en las medidas de post test y seguimiento. Los participantes identificaron cambios a nivel individual y grupal atribuidos a la implementación de las actividades realizadas. Se concluye que el programa generó un impacto positivo en las actitudes hacia personas con discapacidad, fue valorado positivamente por las y los adolescentes y sus efectos se mantuvieron al menos tres meses después de finalizado.
Negative attitudes towards disability constitute social barriers that impede the full exercise of human rights and favor discrimination and social exclusion. The school environment is a privileged space to address this problem and to promote positive attitudes towards disability. The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence of a program based on the social model of disability, on attitudes towards persons with disabilities of adolescents who attend the third year of the unified basic cycle of two schools in a city of the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The activities emphasized daily experiences and competences of people with disabilities, promoting interaction experiences with the adolescents. A quasi-experimental study was applied, with a pre-post design of experimental and quasi-control groups. We administered instruments that evaluated attitudes towards disability, social desirability, prior contact and opinion about the program. The results showed a significant effect on the attitude scores in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up measures. The participants identified changes at the individual and group level attributed to the implementation of the program. It is concluded that the intervention generated a positive impact on attitudes towards people with disabilities, was positively valued by the adolescents and its effects were maintained three months after the end of the intervention.
Negative attitudes towards disability constitute social barriers that impede the full exercise of human rights and favor discrimination and social exclusion. The school environment is a privileged space to address this problem and to promote positive attitudes towards disability. The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence of a program based on the social model of disability, on attitudes towards persons with disabilities of adolescents who attend the third year of the unified basic cycle of two schools in a city of the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The activities emphasized daily experiences and competences of people with disabilities, promoting interaction experiences with the adolescents. A quasi-experimental study was applied, with a pre-post design of experimental and quasi-control groups. We administered instruments that evaluated attitudes towards disability, social desirability, prior contact and opinion about the program. The results showed a significant effect on the attitude scores in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up measures. The participants identified changes at the individual and group level attributed to the implementation of the program. It is concluded that the intervention generated a positive impact on attitudes towards people with disabilities, was positively valued by the adolescents and its effects were maintained three months after the end of the intervention.
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