La función pragmática de las emisiones dirigidas a bebés: Un estudio en hogares de distintos grupos socioeconómicos de argentina
; Migdalek, Maia Julieta
; Stein, Alejandra
; Cristia, Alejandrina ; Rosemberg, Celia Renata 
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Fecha
08/2016
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Universidad Diego Portales
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Praxis. Revista de Psicología
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0369-8394
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El trabajo analiza el habla dirigida por adultos a bebés en situaciones deinteracción espontáneas en hogares de distintos grupos socioeconómicos de BuenosAires, Argentina. Desde una perspectiva pragmática, diversas investigaciones han se-ñalado la presencia de una mayor cantidad de directivas en el habla dirigida a niños denivel socioeconómico bajo (Hart & Risley, 1995; Mastin et al., 2016). En tanto estosestudios fueron realizadas en poblaciones que difieren social, cultural y lingüísticamentede la población de Argentina, la descripción del entorno lingüístico de distintos grupossocioeconómicos de este país puede contribuir a dar cuenta del rango de variabilidaden las experiencias lingüísticas infantiles. El corpus está conformado por 20 horas au-92diograbadas de la vida cotidiana de 10 niños de entre 8 y 16 meses de edad ?cinco depoblaciones urbano marginadas y cinco de sectores medios. Los turnos de intervenciónde los interlocutores de los niños se clasificaron a partir de un sistema de categoríasadaptado de Bloom (1970, cit. en Snow et al. 1976). Se distinguió entre directivas,preguntas, comentarios, reportes y rituales lingüísticos. El análisis estadístico mostródiferencias significativas entre la cantidad relativa de directivas y comentarios en elhabla dirigida a niños de nivel socioeconómico bajo y nivel socioeconómico medio.Un posterior análisis cualitativo de estas dos funciones pragmáticas en el corpus pusode manifiesto las distintas formas que cada una de ellas adopta así como también losrecursos lingüísticos que se emplean. Por último, los resultados obtenidos se discutencontrastándolos con los de otras investigaciones.
This paper analyzes the speech directed to babies by adults during spontaneous interaction in homes of different socioeconomic backgrounds of Buenos Aires, Argentina. From a pragmatic perspective, several studies have pointed to the presence of a greater number of directives in the child-directed speech of families of lower socioeconomic status (Hart & Risley, 1995; Mastin et al., 2016). As these studies were carried out in populations that differed socially, culturally and linguistically from the one of Argentina, the description of the linguistic environment of different socioeconomic groups in this country can contribute to account for the range of variability in children’s linguistic experiences. The corpus consists of 20 hours audio-taped daily life of 10 children between 8 and 16 months of age - five of marginalized urban populations and five of middle sectors. Interventions of the children’s interlocutors were classified according to a category system adapted from Bloom (1970, in Snow et al., 1976). This category distinguished between directives, questions, comments, reports and linguistic rituals. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the relative number of directives and comments in the child-directed speech address to children of lower socioeconomic status and of higher socioeconomic status. A later qualitative analysis of those two pragmatic functions in the corpus showed the diversity of forms that each one of them adopts as well as the linguistic resources used. Finally, the results obtained are discussed in comparison with those of other investigations.
This paper analyzes the speech directed to babies by adults during spontaneous interaction in homes of different socioeconomic backgrounds of Buenos Aires, Argentina. From a pragmatic perspective, several studies have pointed to the presence of a greater number of directives in the child-directed speech of families of lower socioeconomic status (Hart & Risley, 1995; Mastin et al., 2016). As these studies were carried out in populations that differed socially, culturally and linguistically from the one of Argentina, the description of the linguistic environment of different socioeconomic groups in this country can contribute to account for the range of variability in children’s linguistic experiences. The corpus consists of 20 hours audio-taped daily life of 10 children between 8 and 16 months of age - five of marginalized urban populations and five of middle sectors. Interventions of the children’s interlocutors were classified according to a category system adapted from Bloom (1970, in Snow et al., 1976). This category distinguished between directives, questions, comments, reports and linguistic rituals. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the relative number of directives and comments in the child-directed speech address to children of lower socioeconomic status and of higher socioeconomic status. A later qualitative analysis of those two pragmatic functions in the corpus showed the diversity of forms that each one of them adopts as well as the linguistic resources used. Finally, the results obtained are discussed in comparison with those of other investigations.
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