Populismo con características chinas. La noción de pueblo en el discurso político de China antigua

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Fecha
08/2016
Editorial
Universidad del Salvador. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales
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Miriada
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1851-9431
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Español
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Resumen
Este artículo se propone indagar acerca del uso de la categoría pueblo (min) en el discurso político de China antigua a partir del análisis de textos filosóficos clásicos. Las referencias al pueblo y a su bienestar como justificación última de la acción de gobierno aparecen como constantes en textos de diversas tradiciones de pensamiento de China preimperial. En ellas, el pueblo es a menudo concebido como el beneficiario del gobierno virtuoso, a la vez que la aprobación popular marca el éxito de las políticas de Estado. Sin embargo, el pueblo rara vez es considerado un agente dotado de la capacidad de establecer sus objetivos en pos de sus propios intereses. A partir de esta aparente contradicción, analizaremos las premisas subyacentes a los diferentes discursos sobre el buen gobierno y el rol del pueblo en el pensamiento político clásico en China.
This article explores the uses of the category of “the people” in the political discourse of early China based on the analysis of classical philosophical texts. In several traditions of political thought from pre-imperial China, the concern for the people and their welfare appears as an overarching motif and the ultimate justification of all the actions of government. In those texts, the common people are often portrayed as the beneficiaries of virtuous governance and their consent serves to gauge the success of a state’s policies. However, they are seldom considered as an agent imbued with the capacity to set forth specific goals in pursuit of its own interests. We will depart from this apparent contradiction to analyze the underlying assumptions that were used to discuss virtuous governance and the role of the common people in classical Chinese political thought.
This article explores the uses of the category of “the people” in the political discourse of early China based on the analysis of classical philosophical texts. In several traditions of political thought from pre-imperial China, the concern for the people and their welfare appears as an overarching motif and the ultimate justification of all the actions of government. In those texts, the common people are often portrayed as the beneficiaries of virtuous governance and their consent serves to gauge the success of a state’s policies. However, they are seldom considered as an agent imbued with the capacity to set forth specific goals in pursuit of its own interests. We will depart from this apparent contradiction to analyze the underlying assumptions that were used to discuss virtuous governance and the role of the common people in classical Chinese political thought.
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