Highstands of the sea level and the speciation of coastal communities: opportunities for the new territories in southern South America

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Fecha
09/2012
Editorial
Centro de Estudios de Biodiversidad
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Boletin de Biodiversidad de Chile
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0718-8412
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Resumen
La fluctuación del nivel durante el Holoceno indujo la emergencia de nuevas áreas geográficas limitadas a algunos factores condicionantes como el régimen de salinidad, hábitats y sustratos. En la costa argentina, algunos organismos han sido favorecidos por esos factores. El caracol risoideo, Heleobia australis (D’Orbigny 1835), colonizó {reas estuarinas (planicies de fango, lagunas costeras, estuarios) de cambios significativos en relación con el régimen salino. El roedor Ctenomys australis (Rusconi 1934) se ha especializado para vivir en barreras medanosas, ambientes significativamente diferentes a los que ocupaban los antecesores de esta familia. En Patagonia, las ensenadas entre cabos han cambiado en su disponibilidad de sedimento durante los estadíos altos del mar durante el Cuaternario. Las comunidades bentónicas estuvieron así más relacionadas a los cambios en la composición del fondo que a los de la temperatura superficial. Los saltos del nivel durante el Holoceno han causado similares efectos rápidos cuando el mar superó cierto nivel causando la inundación aproximadamente rápida de una depresión emergida previamente.
The sea-level fluctuation during the Holocene has induced the emergence of new geographical extensions constrained by some conditioning factors as salinity regimes, habitats and substrates. At the coast of Argentina, some organisms have taken advantage of these factors. A genera of the rissoidean snail, Heleobia australis (D?Orbigny 1835), has colonised estuarine areas (mudflats, coastal lagoons, estuaries) with significant changes in regard to the salinity regime. The rodent Ctenomys australis (Rusconi 1934) has specialized to live on barrier dunes, environments significantly different from those occupied by the ancient lineages of this family. In Patagonia, embayments between headlands have changed in their sediment availability during the different highstands of the Quaternary. Benthic communities were therefore more related to the changes of the bottom composition of these marine terraces than to sea surface temperatures. The Holocene jumps of the sea level could have caused similar rapid effects when the sea surpassed certain levels causing the approximately-sudden flood of a former subaerial depression.
The sea-level fluctuation during the Holocene has induced the emergence of new geographical extensions constrained by some conditioning factors as salinity regimes, habitats and substrates. At the coast of Argentina, some organisms have taken advantage of these factors. A genera of the rissoidean snail, Heleobia australis (D?Orbigny 1835), has colonised estuarine areas (mudflats, coastal lagoons, estuaries) with significant changes in regard to the salinity regime. The rodent Ctenomys australis (Rusconi 1934) has specialized to live on barrier dunes, environments significantly different from those occupied by the ancient lineages of this family. In Patagonia, embayments between headlands have changed in their sediment availability during the different highstands of the Quaternary. Benthic communities were therefore more related to the changes of the bottom composition of these marine terraces than to sea surface temperatures. The Holocene jumps of the sea level could have caused similar rapid effects when the sea surpassed certain levels causing the approximately-sudden flood of a former subaerial depression.
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