Problemas, Metodologías y Fuentes para el Estudio de las Mujeres del Agro Argentino (1930-1960)

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02/2015
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Syllaba Press International
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Contemporary Sociological Global Review
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2027-7431
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El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los problemas conceptuales y metodológicos que atañen a la investigación de las representaciones sociales y experiencias de las mujeres rurales, en las familias y en el trabajo del mundo agrario argentino; específicamente los referidos a la región pampeana y al Norte argentino entre 1930 y 1960. Tiempos en los que las crisis y las transformaciones económicas -dirigidas por el Estado Nacional- reconfigurarán los discursos referidos al agro y sus pobladores, cuyas especificidades regionales son singularmente ricas para analizar desde una mirada histórica. Entonces, con diversos argumentos se interpelará a las mujeres, como basamento moral y económico de las familias y como fundamentos del arraigo rural. Para superar los enfoques económicos o políticos predominantes en la historiografía rural y aquellos basados estrictamente en las experiencias y representaciones de mujeres de espacios urbanos, característicos de la historiografía acerca de las mujeres y del género en Argentina, la propuesta teórica incluye la articulación de los conceptos: género, trabajo y familia y comprender sus interrelaciones para la interpretar el complejo y heterogéneo mundo rural argentino. A la reflexión metodológica de la validez del método comparativo para el problema que aquí se plantea, así como de las herramientas analíticas que se utilizan para la interpretación de las huellas del pasado, se acompaña de una ponderación de las fuentes (textos de diversas procedencias, fotografías, censos, testimonios orales, entre otros) disponibles para este estudio, señalando sus posibilidades y limitaciones. Este ejercicio de revisión teórico-metodológica supone, al mismo tiempo, un desafío y una oportunidad para la interpretación más compleja de las condiciones de vida y labor de aquellas “silenciosas trabajadoras” vinculadas a la producción primaria, sustento de la economía argentina.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the conceptual and methodological issues relevant to the investigation of social representations and experiences of rural women in Argentine. Specifically those related to the Pampas and northern Argentina between 1930 and 1960. A period when the crisis and economic transformations -addressed by the State Nacional- reconfigure the speeches relating to agriculture and rural inhabitants, whose regional specificities are singularly rich to analyze from a historical perspective. Then, with various arguments women be will be addressed as the moral and economic base of families and their settlement. To overcome the prevailing economic or political approaches in rural Historiography and those based strictly on experiences and representations of women in urban spaces characteristic of Historiography about women and gender in Argentina, the theoretical proposal exposed here, includes the articulation of the concepts of gender, work and family, understanding their interrelationships to interpret the complex and heterogeneous Argentine countryside. A methodological reflection of the validity of the comparative method for the problem posed here, as well as analytical tools used for interpreting traces of the past, is accompanied by an examination of sources (texts from diverse backgrounds, photographs, census, oral testimonies, etc.) available to this study, noting its possibilities and limitations. This exercise of theoretical and methodological review involves at the same time, a challenge and an opportunity for a more complex interpretation of the conditions about life and work of those “silent workers” related to primary production, livelihood of Argentina's economy.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the conceptual and methodological issues relevant to the investigation of social representations and experiences of rural women in Argentine. Specifically those related to the Pampas and northern Argentina between 1930 and 1960. A period when the crisis and economic transformations -addressed by the State Nacional- reconfigure the speeches relating to agriculture and rural inhabitants, whose regional specificities are singularly rich to analyze from a historical perspective. Then, with various arguments women be will be addressed as the moral and economic base of families and their settlement. To overcome the prevailing economic or political approaches in rural Historiography and those based strictly on experiences and representations of women in urban spaces characteristic of Historiography about women and gender in Argentina, the theoretical proposal exposed here, includes the articulation of the concepts of gender, work and family, understanding their interrelationships to interpret the complex and heterogeneous Argentine countryside. A methodological reflection of the validity of the comparative method for the problem posed here, as well as analytical tools used for interpreting traces of the past, is accompanied by an examination of sources (texts from diverse backgrounds, photographs, census, oral testimonies, etc.) available to this study, noting its possibilities and limitations. This exercise of theoretical and methodological review involves at the same time, a challenge and an opportunity for a more complex interpretation of the conditions about life and work of those “silent workers” related to primary production, livelihood of Argentina's economy.
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