Anguimanus beninensis: Historia y antropología de un símbolo

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Fecha
12/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Centro de Historia Intelectual
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1666-1508
eISSN
1852-0499
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Español
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Resumen
El artículo estudia una iconografía compleja, vinculada con la legitimidad monárquica en Benín al menos desde el siglo xvi: la trompa de elefante terminada en mano humana. Primero, se recuperan los sentidos de esa iconografía en el antiguo reino de Benín. Segundo, se describe la descontextualización violenta de los bronces que la exhiben, como consecuencia de la llamada “expedición punitiva” de 1897. Tercero, se analiza la existencia en Occidente de una tradición que denomina al elefante como anguimanus desde el siglo i a. C. El símbolo es complejo y las posibilidades de influencia recíproca entre Benín y Roma, escasas. Se esboza, finalmente, una hipótesis para explicar la coincidencia: el símbolo destaca la apariencia serpentina de la trompa y la destreza del elefante en su uso; indica además una cercanía entre seres humanos y paquidermos, pues la mano sería el medio singular de conocimiento e intervención en el mundo.
This article studies a complex iconography linked to monarchical legitimacy in Benin at least since the sixteenth century: the elephant’s trunk ending in a human hand. First, the meanings of this iconography in the ancient kingdom of Benin are recovered. Secondly, the article describes the violent decontextualization –as a consequence of the socalled ‘punitive expedition’ of 1897– of the bronzes displaying the motif. Thirdly, the text analyses a similar tradition in the West, in which the elephant was referred to as anguimanus from the first century bce onwards. The symbol is complex and the possibility of reciprocal influence between Benin and Rome, unlikely. Fourthly, the article proposes a hypothesis to explain this coincidence: the symbol emphasises the serpentine appearance of the trunk and the elephant’s dexterity in its use, it also indicates a proximity between human beings and pachyderms, since the hand could be a singular means of knowledge and intervention in the world.
This article studies a complex iconography linked to monarchical legitimacy in Benin at least since the sixteenth century: the elephant’s trunk ending in a human hand. First, the meanings of this iconography in the ancient kingdom of Benin are recovered. Secondly, the article describes the violent decontextualization –as a consequence of the socalled ‘punitive expedition’ of 1897– of the bronzes displaying the motif. Thirdly, the text analyses a similar tradition in the West, in which the elephant was referred to as anguimanus from the first century bce onwards. The symbol is complex and the possibility of reciprocal influence between Benin and Rome, unlikely. Fourthly, the article proposes a hypothesis to explain this coincidence: the symbol emphasises the serpentine appearance of the trunk and the elephant’s dexterity in its use, it also indicates a proximity between human beings and pachyderms, since the hand could be a singular means of knowledge and intervention in the world.
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