Los candidatos de la crisis: Ethos y legitimidad en las elecciones presidenciales argentinas de 2003

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Fecha
09/2022
Editorial
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departamento de Traducción y Ciencias del Lenguaje
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Discurso & Sociedad
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1887-4606
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Resumen
Los discursos de los candidatos a la presidencia argentina en el año 2003 constituyeron un mojón clave en el proceso de redefinición de la legitimidad de la política que se desarrolló luego de los episodios de diciembre de 2001. La disputa por esa definición marcó las elecciones presidenciales del 2003, que se realizaron en un contexto de signado por la desconfianza ciudadana respecto de ?los políticos? y por la fragmentación del mapa político-partidario. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar cuenta de los modos en los cuales los principales candidatos se posicionaron en tanto actores de la política en un contexto de cuestionamiento de la legitimidad de la política misma y, por tanto, de su representatividad como tales. Para ello, se analiza un corpus conformado por discursos públicos y spots de campaña de los y las candidatas que más votos obtuvieron (Carlos Menem, Néstor Kirchner, Ricardo López Murphy, Adolfo Rodríguez Saá y Elisa Carrió) desde una perspectiva ethica, es decir, centrada en los ethos discursivos proyectados por cada candidato. Una de las principales hipótesis de trabajo ha sido que en y por esos ethè los candidatos no sólo construyeron una imagen de sí con vistas a alcanzar la presidencia, sino que también se resignificó la política como conjunto de discursos, prácticas, actores, instituciones en los que se disputa y define lo común de la comunidad. Los disímiles modos de presentación de sí de cada candidato -en tanto actores de la política- contribuyeron a redefinir los límites de esa misma superficie de inscripción en la que emergieron.
The discourses of the candidates for the Argentine presidency in 2003 contributed significantly to the process of redefining the legitimacy of politics which had been developing since the episodes of December 2001. The dispute over that definition was, to an extent, the core of the presidential elections of 2003. Being the first ones after the massive social protest process on the 19th and 20th of December 2001 and the succession of presidents at the end of that month, those polls were held in a context of citizen discontent with “the politicians” as a whole and of deep fragmentation of the political-partisan scenario. The aim of this paper is to report the ways in which the main candidates positioned themselves as political actors within a sociopolitical scenario where the legitimacy of institutional politics and, therefore, its very representativeness were questioned. To achieve this aim, a corpus built of a set public discourses and campaign spots from those candidates who had gained the more votes (Carlos Menem, Néstor Kirchner, Ricardo López Murphy, Adolfo Rodríguez Saá y Elisa Carrió) is analysed from a perspective focused on the ethos projected in their enunciations. One of the main hypotheses is that in and by those ethos (as images of self which are constructed within the discourses of the candidates) a new legitimacy and a new meaning of politics was outlined: their self-presentation as political actors, insofar as they were constrained by certain social and institutional frameworks and by the interdiscourse, contributed to redefine the limits of that surface of inscription where they emerged.
The discourses of the candidates for the Argentine presidency in 2003 contributed significantly to the process of redefining the legitimacy of politics which had been developing since the episodes of December 2001. The dispute over that definition was, to an extent, the core of the presidential elections of 2003. Being the first ones after the massive social protest process on the 19th and 20th of December 2001 and the succession of presidents at the end of that month, those polls were held in a context of citizen discontent with “the politicians” as a whole and of deep fragmentation of the political-partisan scenario. The aim of this paper is to report the ways in which the main candidates positioned themselves as political actors within a sociopolitical scenario where the legitimacy of institutional politics and, therefore, its very representativeness were questioned. To achieve this aim, a corpus built of a set public discourses and campaign spots from those candidates who had gained the more votes (Carlos Menem, Néstor Kirchner, Ricardo López Murphy, Adolfo Rodríguez Saá y Elisa Carrió) is analysed from a perspective focused on the ethos projected in their enunciations. One of the main hypotheses is that in and by those ethos (as images of self which are constructed within the discourses of the candidates) a new legitimacy and a new meaning of politics was outlined: their self-presentation as political actors, insofar as they were constrained by certain social and institutional frameworks and by the interdiscourse, contributed to redefine the limits of that surface of inscription where they emerged.
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