Matas de gramíneas como refugios de artrópodos invernantes en agroecosistemas pampeanos: efectos del tamaño, del agrupamiento y de la arquitectura de las plantas

Otros responsables
Fecha
10/2015
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Ecología
Revista
Ecología Austral
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0327-5477
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
Las gramíneas perennes son utilizadas como refugios por numerosas especies de artrópodos invernantes de la región pampeana. Las características estructurales y el tamaño de las plantas, así como su disposición espacial, condicionarían la disponibilidad de hábitat o de refugio y en consecuencia la selección de las mismas por artrópodos invernantes. En este trabajo evaluamos la influencia del tamaño, agrupamiento y modificación de la arquitectura de plantas de Schizachyrium condensatum sobre la abundancia y riqueza de artrópodos invernantes en su interior. En un borde de un área agrícola de la Pampa Ondulada se dispusieron plantas de distinto tamaño: desde 110 cm de altura (plantas grandes) a 70 cm de altura (plantas pequeñas), de manera aislada o en grupos de 5 plantas, a las cuales se les modificó o no su arquitectura (abiertas o cerradas). Luego de la temporada invernal, se extrajeron los artrópodos y se determinó la abundancia y riqueza de morfoespecies en cada planta. Dos especies predadoras de la familia Coccinellidae, Hippodamia convergens y Coccinella ancoralis, representaron el 90% de la abundancia total concentrándose mayoritariamente en las plantas grandes agrupadas-cerradas. En las plantas grandes/cerradas se registró más del doble de la abundancia de artrópodos que en las plantas grandes/abiertas; en las plantas pequeñas no hubo efectos debido a la arquitectura. Se registró similar riqueza de especies de artrópodos entre plantas pequeñas/aisladas y plantas pequeñas agrupadas; en las plantas grandes/agrupadas se detectó casi el doble de especies de artrópodos que en las plantas grandes/aisladas. Estos resultados muestran que el tamaño pequeño, así como la apertura y el aislamiento de las plantas grandes, influyen negativamente sobre la selección de los sitios de refugio de coccinélidos invernantes. En consecuencia, planteamos la importancia de la conservación de las gramíneas perennes en los bordes de áreas agrícolas como refugios que asegurarían la permanencia de coccinélidos afidófagos en las proximidades de los campos de cultivo durante el período invernal.
Perennial grasses are used as overwintering shelters by several arthropod species in the Pampa region. Plant size, structure, and clustering may condition habitat or shelter availability, and therefore their selection by overwintering arthropods. We analyzed the influence of clustering, size and architecture modification of Schizachyrium condensatum plants on the abundance and richness of these arthropods dwelling inside these plants. We set up plants of different sizes, from large (110 cm tall) to small (70 cm tall), along the edge of a field crop in the Rolling Pampas. They were planted isolated or in groups of five plants, with or without architecture modification (open or closed). After the winter season, overwintering arthropods were removed and the abundance and richness of morphospecies were calculated for each plant. Two predator species from the Coccinellidae family, Hippodamia convergens and Coccinella ancoralis, represented almost 90% of total abundance in large, grouped and closed plants. In large closed plants there was almost twice the abundance of arthropods than in large open plants. In small plants there was no effect due to architecture. In small plants there was similar arthropod richness between isolated and grouped plants, whereas in large plants there was almost twice the species in grouped than in isolated plants. Our results show that small plant size, as well as opening and isolation for large plants, negatively affected the choice of wintering sites for coccinelids. Therefore, we highlight the importance of conserving perennial grasses in the edges of agricultural areas as they allow the persistence of aphidofagous coccinelids in the surroundings of crop fields during wintering periods and thus contribute to the sustainability of the beneficial fauna
Perennial grasses are used as overwintering shelters by several arthropod species in the Pampa region. Plant size, structure, and clustering may condition habitat or shelter availability, and therefore their selection by overwintering arthropods. We analyzed the influence of clustering, size and architecture modification of Schizachyrium condensatum plants on the abundance and richness of these arthropods dwelling inside these plants. We set up plants of different sizes, from large (110 cm tall) to small (70 cm tall), along the edge of a field crop in the Rolling Pampas. They were planted isolated or in groups of five plants, with or without architecture modification (open or closed). After the winter season, overwintering arthropods were removed and the abundance and richness of morphospecies were calculated for each plant. Two predator species from the Coccinellidae family, Hippodamia convergens and Coccinella ancoralis, represented almost 90% of total abundance in large, grouped and closed plants. In large closed plants there was almost twice the abundance of arthropods than in large open plants. In small plants there was no effect due to architecture. In small plants there was similar arthropod richness between isolated and grouped plants, whereas in large plants there was almost twice the species in grouped than in isolated plants. Our results show that small plant size, as well as opening and isolation for large plants, negatively affected the choice of wintering sites for coccinelids. Therefore, we highlight the importance of conserving perennial grasses in the edges of agricultural areas as they allow the persistence of aphidofagous coccinelids in the surroundings of crop fields during wintering periods and thus contribute to the sustainability of the beneficial fauna
Colecciones
Aprobación
Revisión
Complementado por
Referenciado por
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto donde se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este ítem se describe como by-nc-sa
