Del comunismo a la subversión: El enemigo interno en los reglamentos del Ejército Argentino (1964-1977)

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Fecha
01/2022
Editorial
Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora
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0186-0348
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2395-8464
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Este artículo analiza la figura del enemigo interno tal como la definió el Ejército Argentino en sus reglamentos de las décadas de los sesenta y setenta. El primer conjunto reglamentario -aprobado en los sesenta- fue el punto de llegada de una renovación doctrinaria que incorporó enseñanzas francesas y estadunidenses. Los documentos clave de esta etapa fueron reemplazados en los setenta, reformulando las enseñanzas previas y sistematizando la doctrina que regiría durante el genocidio argentino. Entre ambos cuerpos documentales se detectan rupturas y continuidades: existe un desplazamiento en la figura del enemigo interno -que pasa del comunismo a la subversión-, pero también una estructura común que habilita y legitima tanto la persecución de los llamados enemigos como el control y vigilancia del conjunto de la población. El artículo aporta al estudio de las doctrinas militares y, a través de ello, al estudio de las lógicas y las formas de la violencia estatal.
This article analyzes the concept of the enemy within as defined by the Argentine Army regulations in the 1960s and 1970s. The first set of regulations, approved in the 1960s, was the point of arrival of a doctrinal renewal incorporating French and North American teachings. The key documents of this stage were replaced in the 1970s, when the previous teachings were reformulated and the doctrine that would be in force during the Argentine genocide was systematized. Breaks and continuities can be detected between these sets of documents. The concept of the enemy within, which shifted from communism to subversion, was eliminated, yet there was also a common structure that enabled and legitimized both the persecution of so-called enemies and the control and surveillance of the population. The article contributes to the study of military doctrines and thereby to the study of the logics and forms of state violence.
This article analyzes the concept of the enemy within as defined by the Argentine Army regulations in the 1960s and 1970s. The first set of regulations, approved in the 1960s, was the point of arrival of a doctrinal renewal incorporating French and North American teachings. The key documents of this stage were replaced in the 1970s, when the previous teachings were reformulated and the doctrine that would be in force during the Argentine genocide was systematized. Breaks and continuities can be detected between these sets of documents. The concept of the enemy within, which shifted from communism to subversion, was eliminated, yet there was also a common structure that enabled and legitimized both the persecution of so-called enemies and the control and surveillance of the population. The article contributes to the study of military doctrines and thereby to the study of the logics and forms of state violence.
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