Conceptual overlap and multiple symbolization in signed languages

Abstract

In this paper we explore conceptual overlap in two signed languages. Our data comes from natural discourse in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) and Argentine Sign Language (LSA). Our analysis relies on theoretical constructs derived from cognitive grammar, which posits just three core elements: semantic structures, phonological structures, and symbolic structures which are associations of the first two. Signed languages use symbolic structures we call Places to conceptualize space in signed discourse. We show that one way signed languages express conceptual overlap is with phonological overlap: placing signs at the same spatial location. Our data demonstrates how Places establish nominal referents and discourse topics, create associations among referents, and structure the flow of information. We also offer an account of agreement as a type of conceptual overlap expressed by phonological overlap. A currently popular account of agreement in signed languages argues that these expressions consist of “fusions” of language and gesture. Our account relies solely on linguistic elements and is compatible with that of agreement as multiple symbolization.