Historia civil y poesía, certeza y verdad en Francis Bacon

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Fecha
12/2014
Editorial
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Revista
Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofia
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0211-2337
eISSN
1988-2564
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Español
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Clasificación temática
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Resumen
Este artículo se propone estudiar elementos claves de la teoría de la historia y de la práctica de la historia civil de Francis Bacon en lo que concierne a la verdad y la certeza de la narrativa histórica. Compara sus teorías de la historia y de la poesía, así como la relación que ellas tienen con la certeza, la verdad y la ficción. Para eso principalmente analiza dos clases de escritos. Por un lado, los textos programáticos en los que el autor presenta sus ideas sobre la historia y la poesía. Por otro lado, analiza sus textos completos e incompletos de historia civil en los que actuó como historiador. Además, este artículo considerará la obra baconiana teniendo en cuenta como marco de referencia la historiografía inglesa renacentista y moderna. Concluye que aunque la historia y la poesía constituyen dos ramas distintas en la clasificación baconiana del saber, tienen importantes elementos en común, en consonancia con la teoría de la poesía desarrollada por su contemporáneo Philip Sidney. Así es como Bacon incorporó elementos ficcionales en su narrativa histórica y adoptó un particular modo de distinguir en ella lo cierto de lo conjetural. Esta posición con respecto a la historia civil contrasta fuertemente con la metodología que Bacon propuso para historia natural, la cual para alcanzar la certeza recomienda enfáticamente excluir cualquier tipo de relato ficcional al reportar los hechos de la naturaleza.
This article aims at studying key components of Francis Bacon's theory of history and of his work as practitioner of civil history, particularly in regard to truth and certainty in historical narratives. It compares Bacon's theories of history and poetry, and the way in which he conceives their relation to certainty, truth and fiction. It analyzes mainly two sorts of writings. On the one hand, it investigates the programmatic texts where Bacon's views of history and poetry are developed. On the other hand, it examines the finished and unfinished civil histories written by Bacon as historian. In addition, the article evaluates Bacon's stances against the background of Renaissance and early modern English historiography. It concludes that although history and poetry constitute separate branches in Bacon's classification of learning, they share important elements, in keeping with the view of poetry maintained by his contemporary Philip Sidney. Thus, Bacon included fictional patterns in his historical narrative and distinguished certainties from conjectures in a particular way. This attitude towards civil history shows a strong contrast to Bacon's methodology for natural histories, which, in order to reach certainty, staunchly recommends to exclude any fictional narrative in reporting the facts of nature.
This article aims at studying key components of Francis Bacon's theory of history and of his work as practitioner of civil history, particularly in regard to truth and certainty in historical narratives. It compares Bacon's theories of history and poetry, and the way in which he conceives their relation to certainty, truth and fiction. It analyzes mainly two sorts of writings. On the one hand, it investigates the programmatic texts where Bacon's views of history and poetry are developed. On the other hand, it examines the finished and unfinished civil histories written by Bacon as historian. In addition, the article evaluates Bacon's stances against the background of Renaissance and early modern English historiography. It concludes that although history and poetry constitute separate branches in Bacon's classification of learning, they share important elements, in keeping with the view of poetry maintained by his contemporary Philip Sidney. Thus, Bacon included fictional patterns in his historical narrative and distinguished certainties from conjectures in a particular way. This attitude towards civil history shows a strong contrast to Bacon's methodology for natural histories, which, in order to reach certainty, staunchly recommends to exclude any fictional narrative in reporting the facts of nature.
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