Mecanismos moleculares de la epilepsia farmacorresistente
; Burgueño, Adriana Laura
; Garino, Eliana ; Martínez, Oscar ; Knorre, Francisco ; Ernst, Glenda Marina 
Otros responsables
Fecha
07/2023
Editorial
Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires
Revista
Fronteras en Medicina
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ISSN
2618-2459
eISSN
2618-2521
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Resumen
La epilepsia es una enfermedad neurológica caracterizada por la descarga neuronal anormal que predispone a convulsiones. Afecta al 1% de la población mundial, presentando un doble pico de incidencia: uno en la infancia y otro en la vejez. Existen múltiples etiologías, que pueden dividirse en 3 grupos: 1) secundaria a una causa en particular, es decir, secundaria a una injuria (traumatismo, isquemia, infección); 2) secundaria a una causa genética; 3) o indeterminada, cuando no se puede definir la etiología. El desarrollo de las conexiones anormales responsables de las crisis convulsivas (conocido como foco epileptogénico) se conoce como epileptogénesis y corresponde al proceso que se inicia tras una injuria y que persiste hasta que el paciente tiene la primera convulsión; o sea, durante ese proceso se originan las conexiones neurológicas anormales, así como los cambios moleculares que predisponen a sufrir crisis convulsivas. A pesar de que existen numerosas drogas para su tratamiento, aproximadamente el 30% de los pacientes con epilepsias siguen teniendo convulsiones aun cuando están recibiendo el tratamiento adecuado, conociéndose a estos pacientes como farmacorresistentes. Se han postulado múltiples mecanismos para explicar la farmacorresistencia. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión sobre las hipótesis de farmacorresistencia.
Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by abnormal neuronal discharge that predisposes to seizures. It affects 1% of the world population with a double peak of incidence, one in childhood and the other in old age. There are multiple etiologies, and it can be divided into 3 groups: 1) Secondary to a particular cause or secondary to an injury (trauma, ischemia, infection); 2) Secondary to a genetic cause; 3) or indeterminate when the etiology cannot be defined. The development of the abnormal connections responsible for seizures (known as epileptogenic focus) is known as epileptogenesis and corresponds to the process that begins after an injury and persists until the patient has the first seizure, that is, during the seizure, abnormal neurological connections originate, as well as molecular changes that predispose to seizures. Despite the existence of numerous drugs for their treatment, approximately 30% of patients with epilepsies continue to have seizures even when they are receiving adequate treatment, and these patients are known as drug-resistant. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated to explain drug resistance. The aim of this article is to review the hypotheses of drug resistance.
Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by abnormal neuronal discharge that predisposes to seizures. It affects 1% of the world population with a double peak of incidence, one in childhood and the other in old age. There are multiple etiologies, and it can be divided into 3 groups: 1) Secondary to a particular cause or secondary to an injury (trauma, ischemia, infection); 2) Secondary to a genetic cause; 3) or indeterminate when the etiology cannot be defined. The development of the abnormal connections responsible for seizures (known as epileptogenic focus) is known as epileptogenesis and corresponds to the process that begins after an injury and persists until the patient has the first seizure, that is, during the seizure, abnormal neurological connections originate, as well as molecular changes that predispose to seizures. Despite the existence of numerous drugs for their treatment, approximately 30% of patients with epilepsies continue to have seizures even when they are receiving adequate treatment, and these patients are known as drug-resistant. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated to explain drug resistance. The aim of this article is to review the hypotheses of drug resistance.
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