Análisis estructural, ultraestructural y desarrollo ontogenético de los tricomas glandulares de Smallanthus sonchifolius (Asteraceae), «yacón»
; Coll Araoz, Maria Victoria
; Ruiz, Ana I. ; Grau, Alfredo ; Ponessa, Graciela Ines Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2012
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Fundación Miguel Lillo
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Lilloa
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0075-9481
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Español
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Resumen
Se describe el desarrollo ontogenético, anatómico y ultraestructural de tricomas glandulares (TG) durante el desarrollo foliar y el ciclo anual vegetativo de Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Rob. «yacón», un cultivo andino. Para ello se utilizó una combinación de técnicas de microscopía óptica y electrónica. Los TG de las hojas de «yacón» se hallan completamente desarrollados y concluyen su actividad secretora en etapas tempranas del desarrollo foliar. La secreción de los TG constituida mayormente por lactonas sesquiterpénicas, en parte respon- sables de la actividad antidiabética de las hojas, es acumulada bajo la cutícula y liberada solo por acción mecánica. Este trabajo contribuye a la comprensión de las defensas químicas foliares del «yacón» y permite diseñar técnicas de cosecha apuntando a la elaboración de infusiones con fines medicinales.
Anatomical and ultrastructural changes occurring in glandular trichomes (GT) during leaf development and during the annual growth cycle of the Andean crop Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Rob. «yacón», were studied using a combination of light and electron microscopy. GT are fully established and their secretory activity appears to be concluded at early stages of leaf development. GT secretion is mainly constituted by sesquiterpene lactones, partly responsible for the antidiabetic activity of leaves, that are accumulated underneath the cuticle and released only when GT are mechanically disrupted. This study contributes to the understanding of «yacón» leaves chemical defenses and to improve harvesting techniques aiming at its pharmacological use.
Anatomical and ultrastructural changes occurring in glandular trichomes (GT) during leaf development and during the annual growth cycle of the Andean crop Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Rob. «yacón», were studied using a combination of light and electron microscopy. GT are fully established and their secretory activity appears to be concluded at early stages of leaf development. GT secretion is mainly constituted by sesquiterpene lactones, partly responsible for the antidiabetic activity of leaves, that are accumulated underneath the cuticle and released only when GT are mechanically disrupted. This study contributes to the understanding of «yacón» leaves chemical defenses and to improve harvesting techniques aiming at its pharmacological use.
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