Morphological and molecular characterisation of Aporocotyle margolisi Smith, 1967 (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) from the North Pacific hake Merluccius productus (Ayres) (Gadiformes: Merlucciidae) off Oregon, USA

Abstract

Aporocotylid blood flukes conspecific with Aporocotyle margolisi Smith, 1967 were collected from the bulbus arteriosus of the North Pacific hake Merluccius productus (Ayres). This study revisits the morphology of A. margolisi, including drawings, measurements and scanning electron microscopy images, and provides for the first time molecular data for the large subunit of the ribosomal RNA (28S rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes for this species. A 28S rDNA phylogenetic study of A. margolisi, and all available Aporocotyle spp., was also performed. The distribution range of A. margolisi is extended to the Pacific coast of the USA. We provide a morphological comparison of Aporocotyle spp. from the Pacific coast in North America as well as other Aporocotyle spp. infecting hake. Comparisons with the original description revealed that the new specimens of A. margolisi were considerably larger with respect to all morphological features, except for shorter spines. Molecular results showed a close relationship between A. margolisi and A. argentinensis Smith, 1969 from the Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi Marini. The phylogenetic relationships of Aporocotyle spp. point to a possible co-speciation of hakes species and these blood fluke parasites.