Maternal dietary olive oil protects diabetic rat offspring from impaired uterine decidualization

Abstract

Introduction: Maternal diabetes increases the risk of adverse maternal, perinatal and offspring outcomes. This study aimed to address whether alterations in uterine decidualization are programmed in the prepubertal offspring from diabetic rats fed diets enriched or not in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO).Methods: Control and mild pregestational diabetic female rats (F0) were mated with control males and fed diets enriched or not with 6 % EVOO during pregnancy. Offspring (F1) were evaluated on postnatal day 30, after induction of uterine decidualization (PMSG 50 IU- hCG 50 IU). Signaling pathways involved in decidualization, including prolactin, PPAR and mTOR pathways as well as microRNAs (miRs) regulating these pathways were evaluated by Western blot or qPCR in the decidualized uteri.Results: The offspring from diabetic rats evidenced reduced prolactin and prolactin receptor levels in the decidualized uteri. Additionally, these tissues showed increased PPARγ levels and reduced levels of its negative regulators miR-19b and miR-155. MiR-21, a microRNA that targets both PPARα and mTOR pathway regulators was reduced, whereas PPARα, PTEN and FOXO1 mRNA levels were increased in the decidualized uteri of the offspring from diabetic rats. The mTOR pathway activity was reduced in the decidualized uteri of the offspring from diabetic rats. Most of the observed alterations were prevented by the EVOO-enriched maternal diet.Discussion: Impaired pathways relevant to decidualization are programmed in the uteri of prepubertal offspring from diabetic dams, alterations capable of being prevented by maternal diets enriched in EVOO.