Las huellas del arreo: identidad, memoria y territorio en un contexto de globalización alimentaria

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Fecha
02/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Luján
Revista
Cuadernos de Antropología
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0328-9478
eISSN
2314-2383
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Español
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Resumen
Las economías comunitarias indígenas en la actualidad son el resultado de la creatividad y diversidad de respuestas adaptativas desarrolladas históricamente por los pueblos originarios ante las transformaciones impuestas por las relaciones productivas propias del sistema capitalista hegemónico. Las comunidades mapuche trashumantes del sur de Mendoza se encuentran condicionadas por una estructura de poder que limita su accionar, al punto de negar su identidad y sus derechos colectivos. En este marco, han construido distintas fortalezas identitarias y estrategias colectivas con el objetivo de posicionarse en nuevos lugares que les permitan alcanzar cierto grado de autonomía.El proyecto asociativo Kume Matrü Cabra Andina, orientado a la producción y comercialización de carne caprina, da cuenta de la capacidad productiva del pueblo mapuche en una región con un equilibrio ecológico muy frágil, echando por tierra los imaginarios construidos en torno a la pobreza e improductividad de la región, tanto de las tierras, como de sus pobladores. Asimismo, es una muestra de la eficacia del modo de producción trashumante, que permite hacer un uso responsable y eficiente de los bienes comunes, generando trabajo digno para más de cien familias. Ello no solo da cuenta del vasto conocimiento que las comunidades tienen de su territorio, sino que pone en tensión las propuestas de desarrollo basadas en la explotación minera y petrolera que pujan fuertemente en la región como el único camino posible. Las huellas del arreo son la insistencia de la memoria como una acción en tiempo presente y un camino a futuro.
Indigenous community economies today are the result of the creativity and diversity of adaptive responses historically developed by native peoples to the transformations imposed by the productive relations of the hegemonic capitalist system. The Mapuche transhumant’s communities of southern Mendoza are conditioned by a power structure that limits their actions, to the point of denying their identity and collective rights. In this framework, they have built different identity strengths and collective strategies with the aim of positioning themselves in new places that allow them to achieve a certain degree of autonomy. Kume Matrü Cabra Andina associative project, aimed at the production and marketing of goat meat, accounts for the productive capacity of the Mapuche people in a region with a very fragile ecological balance, destroying the imaginaries built around poverty and unproductivity. of the region, both the lands and its inhabitants. Likewise, it is an example of the effectiveness of the transhumant mode of production, which allows responsible and efficient use of common goods, generating decent work for more than one hundred families. This not only reflects the vast knowledge that the communities have of their territory, but also puts into tension the development proposals based on mining and oil exploitation that are strongly pushing in the region as the only possible path. The traces of the herding are the insistence of memory as an action in the present time and a path to the future.
Indigenous community economies today are the result of the creativity and diversity of adaptive responses historically developed by native peoples to the transformations imposed by the productive relations of the hegemonic capitalist system. The Mapuche transhumant’s communities of southern Mendoza are conditioned by a power structure that limits their actions, to the point of denying their identity and collective rights. In this framework, they have built different identity strengths and collective strategies with the aim of positioning themselves in new places that allow them to achieve a certain degree of autonomy. Kume Matrü Cabra Andina associative project, aimed at the production and marketing of goat meat, accounts for the productive capacity of the Mapuche people in a region with a very fragile ecological balance, destroying the imaginaries built around poverty and unproductivity. of the region, both the lands and its inhabitants. Likewise, it is an example of the effectiveness of the transhumant mode of production, which allows responsible and efficient use of common goods, generating decent work for more than one hundred families. This not only reflects the vast knowledge that the communities have of their territory, but also puts into tension the development proposals based on mining and oil exploitation that are strongly pushing in the region as the only possible path. The traces of the herding are the insistence of memory as an action in the present time and a path to the future.
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