Non-Invasive Heritage Monitoring System and Analysis of Deterioration Processes Caused by Climatic and Anthropogenic Effects: The Case of the Inca Site of Ranchillos (Mendoza, Argentina)

Abstract

The Inca site of Ranchillos, located in the Uspallata Valley, Mendoza, Argentina, is key to understanding Inca domination in the region. Dueto its link with the Andean Road Network (Qhapaq Ñan), it was included in the 2014 UNESCO World Heritage declaration. This study presents the results of evaluating physical changes in the site’s wall units through three cartographic surveys conducted between 1956 and 2022. As part of a management plan to reduce losses caused by natural and human factors, a UAV-based image comparison system was implemented to monitor and control the structures. The results reveala loss of 313.99 linear metres of wall length at Ranchillos since1956, representing 22.61% of the total. These findings exceed previously known figures and have contributed to important improvements in the monitoring system, offering valuable tools for conservation and heritage management at the site.